Chapter 7: Periodic Properties of Elements
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow: (i) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 (ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 (iii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1 (iv) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4 (v) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5 52) The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is __________.
(ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 <--has the highest second ionization energy because it has 1 electron bonded to the p orbital
4) In which orbital does an electron in a phosphorus atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge?
A) 1s
31) The most common sulfur ion has a charge of __________.
A) 2-
33) Which periodic table group contains only nonmetals?
A) 8A
32) __________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.
A) Alkali metals
16) Which alkaline earth metal will not react with liquid water or with steam?
A) Be
50) Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium?
A) Ca (g) + e---> Ca-(g)
39) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of calcium?
A) Ca(g) ---> Ca+ (g) +E-
20) __________ is isoelectronic with argon and __________ is isoelectronic with neon.
A) Cl- F-
58) Which one of the following is a metalloid?
A) Ge
40) Cl2(g) + H20 (l)--->
A) HCl (aq) + HOCl (aq)
6) The first ionization energies of the elements __________ as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table, and __________ as you go from the bottom to the top of a group in the table.
A) Increase, increase
19) Of the compounds below, __________ has the smallest ionic separation.
A) KF
23) The reaction of potassium metal with elemental hydrogen produces __________.
A) KH <--with hydrogen: all alkali metals
21) An alkaline earth metal forms a compound with oxygen with the formula __________. (The symbol M represents any one of the alkaline earth metals.)
A) MO
1) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?
A) O, S, Se
9) Element M reacts with chlorine to form a compound with the formula . Element M is more reactive than magnesium and has a smaller radius than barium. This element is __________.
A) Sr
19) Oxides of most nonmetals combine with water to form __________.
A) an acid
5) Atomic radius generally increases as we move __________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
10) The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by __________.
A) inner electrons
17) Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form __________.
A) metal hydroxides
3) Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger __________ in Ar.
A) nuclear charge
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow: (i) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 (ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 (iii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1 (iv) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4 (v) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5 55) The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is __________.
B) (ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow: (i) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 (ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 (iii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1 (iv) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4 (v) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5 53) The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is __________.
B) (ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 <----has 2 electrons in the valence shell
14) What is the coefficient of M when the following equation is completed and balanced if M is an alkali metal? M(s) + H2O (l)--->
B) 2
24) What is the coefficient of O when the following equation is completed and balanced? Ba(s) + H2O (l) -->
B) 2
25) Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?
B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al 1) generally increases as we move across a period 2) generally decreases as we move down any column in the periodic table 3) The s-and-p block elements show a large range of I values than do the transition metal elements
51) Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?
B) Br(g) + e- ---> Br- (g)
26) Element X reacts with chlorine to form a compound with the formula . The oxide of element X is basic. Element X is __________.
B) Ca
40) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?
B) Ca+ (g) ---> Ca2+ (g) + e-
12) Which one of the following has the smallest radius?
B) Cl
16) In which of the following atoms is the 2s orbital closest to the nucleus?
B) Cl
45) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity. A) S B) Cl C) Se D) Br E) I
B) Cl
18) Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?
B) F < O < S < Mg < Ba
34) Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?
B) K
30) Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?
B) N
26) Of the following atoms, which has the largest first ionization energy?
B) O The magnitude of the ionization energy tells us how much energy is required to remove an electron: the greater the ionization energy the more difficult it is to remove an electron.
25) The element(s) __________ could be used to produce a red or crimson color in fireworks.
B) Sr
32) The element phosphorus exists in two forms in nature called white phosphorus and red phosphorus. These two forms are examples of __________.
B) allotropes
8) Screening of the nuclear charge by core electrons in atoms is __________.
B) more efficient than that by valence electrons
27) The reaction of a metal with a nonmetal produces a(n) __________.
B) salt metal+nonmetal=salt
5) In which orbital does an electron in a phosphorus atom experience the greatest shielding?
C) 3p
39) 2F^2 (G) + 2H2O(L)--->
C) 4HF(aq) + O^2 (g)
35) All the elements in group 8A are gases at room temperature. Of all the groups in the periodic table, only group __________ contains examples of elements that are gas, liquid, and solid at room temperature.
C) 7A
15) Which one of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?
C) Al
17) In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus?
C) At
13) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
C) Ba
41) Which ion below has the largest radius?
C) Br-
43) Of the following species, __________ has the largest radius. C) A) B) Sr2+ C) Br- D) Kr E) Ar
C) Br-
34) Of the hydrogen halides, only __________ is a weak acid.
C) HF (aq)
37) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of phosphorus?
C) P(g) -----> P+(g) + e-
29) Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?
C) S
9) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
C) S
11) Metals can be __________ at room temperature.
C) Solid or liquid
23) The __________ ion is essential for the enzymatic action of carbonic anhydrase and the __________ ion is toxic to this enzyme.
C) Zinc, cadmium
48) Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium. This is because __________.
C) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
36) The only noble gas that does not have the valence electron configuration is __________.
C) helium
1) __________ is credited with developing the concept of atomic numbers
C)Henry Moseley
3) An electron in a(n) __________ subshell experiences the greatest effective nuclear charge in a many-electron atom.
D) 3s
35) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of aluminum?
D) Al (g) ---> Al+(g) + e-
28) Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy?
D) Ca
22) Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?
D) Ca ^2+ < K + < Ar < Cl <--Ar and Cl are exceptions, they have less protons yet have a large radius
13) Na reacts with element X to form an ionic compound with the formula Na3X. Ca will react with X to form __________.
D) Ca3X2
27) Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy? ^ You can figure this out by looking at the periodic table from left to right. Ionization energy increases from left to right.
D) Cl
46) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity. A) P B) Al C) Si D) Cl E) B
D) Cl
24) Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?
D) F < Br < Ge < K < Rb
42) The ion with the smallest diameter is __________. A) Br- B) Cl- C) I- D) F- E) O2-
D) F-
31) Of the elements below, __________ has the largest first ionization energy.
D) H
15) The substance __________ is always produced when an active metal reacts with water.
D) H2
59) Of the elements below, __________ is the most metallic. A) Na B) Mg C) Al D) K E) Ar
D) K
22) An alkali metal forms a compound with chlorine with the formula __________. (The symbol M represents any one of the alkali metals.)
D) MCL
33) Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?
D) Na
6) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?
D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
38) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of phosphorus?
D) P+ (g) ---> P2+ (g) +e-
11) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
D) Rb
29) The most common and stable allotrope of sulfur is __________.
D) S8
14) Which one of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?
D) Sb
10) The oxide of which element below can react with hydrochloric acid?
D) Sodium sodium+ hydrochloric acid=sodium hydroxide
57) In the generation of most anions, the energy change (kJ/mol) that _______ an electron is ________.
D) adds, negative
2) Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing __________.
D) atomic number
49) Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because __________.
D) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does Sodium will lose an electron and become a cation since it has 1 electron in its valence shell. Cl will gain an electron (anion) sinc eit has 7 electrons in its valence shell.
8) In general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right: (1) the atomic radius __________; (2) the electron affinity becomes __________ negative; and (3) the first ionization energy __________.
D) decreases, increasingly, increases
28) Which nonmetal exists as a diatomic solid?
D) iodine
7) The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because __________.
D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow: (i) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 (ii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 (iii) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1 (iv) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4 (v) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5 54) The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is __________.
E) (v) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5
4) A tin atom has 50 electrons. Electrons in the __________ subshell experience the lowest effective nuclear charge.
E) 5p
36) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of aluminum?
E) Al+(g) ---> Al 2+ (g) + e-
56) Of the elements below, __________ is the most metallic.
E) Cesium When we go from left to right, non metallic character increases due to decreasing size ( increasing nuclear charge)
2) Which element would be expected to have chemical and physical properties closest to those of fluorine?
E) Cl
44) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity. A) Na B) Li C) Be D) N E) F
E) F
21) Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?
E) O^2-, F-, Ne, Na + <-- they are in the same period
47) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity. A) O B) K C) B D) Na E) S
E) S
37) The first noble gas to be incorporated into a compound was __________.
E) Xe
38) Of the halogens, which are gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure?
E) fluorine and chlorine
18) Oxides of the active metals combine with acid to form __________.
E) metal hydroxides
12) Most of the elements on the periodic table are __________.
E) metals
30) Which group 6A element is a metal?
E) polonium
20) Oxides of most nonmetals combine with base to form __________.
E) water and salt
7) The __________ have the most negative electron affinities.
halogens
