Chapter 7 Practice Questions

Which method do humans use to lower their internal body temperature? Sweating Running Panting Cuddling

Sweating

The most mobile joint tissue type in the body is: Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous Synovial Synarthrosis

Synovial

What structure attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone? Myofilament Tendon Perixisome Ligament Sarcomere

Tendon

The horizontal plane is also known as the _____ plane. Transverse Sagittal Coronal Median

Transverse

Which plane runs parallel to the ground in a standing human? Medial Median Transverse Sagittal

Transverse

Which of the following demonstrates a first-class lever system? plantar flexion a pair of scissors a wheelbarrow forearm flexion

a pair of scissors

If we identify two points A and B on someone's arm, and we know that B is distal to A, then what do we know about these two points? A is on the front of the arm, while B is on the back. B is on the front of the arm, while A is on the back. A is closer to the shoulder, while B is farther away. B is closer to the shoulder, while A is farther away.

A is closer to the shoulder, while B is farther away.

Jack is feeling sluggish. The doctor says Jack has hypothyroidism and is unable to produce enough thyroxine (T4). This condition can result in which of the following? A lower basal metabolic rate. Hyperactivity A rise of the core body temperature. A higher basal metabolic rate. Fidgeting

A lower basal metabolic rate

When does maximum secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach occur? Just before food enters the stomach. After food has entered the stomach. At about the same times every day when a person normally eats their meals. When a person is anticipating a meal.

After food has entered the stomach

Your sternum is _____ to your vertebral column. Superior Anterior Inferior Posterior

Anterior

If a muscle is stretched beyond the normal resting length, then why is tension development compromised? Because the sarcomere can only shorten so much. Because nerves are inhibited. Because the interaction between thin and thick filaments is compromised. Because tendons are stretched. Because ligaments are strained.

Because the interaction between thin and thick filaments is compromised.

If a muscle is held at a shortened resting length, then why is tension development compromised? Because tendons are strained. Because nerves are inhibited. Because the sarcomere can only shorten so much. Because the amount of interaction between thin and thick filaments is compromised.

Because the sarcomere can only shorten so much.

How is digesting food moved along the small intestine? Bicarbonates mix with stomach acid to move it along By peristalsis, which is the contraction of the smooth muscle to push food forward The stomach pushes it through with great force Enzymes from the pancreas propel it forward

By peristalsis, which is the contraction of the smooth muscle to push food forward

___means situated towards the lower part of the body: Cephalic Caudal Dorsal Ventral Cranial

Caudal

The synonym for cranial is: Cephalic Caudal Rostral Dorsal Ventral

Cephalic

The frontal plane is also known as the _____ plane. Sagittal Transverse Horizontal Coronal

Coronal

The plane dividing your body into anterior and posterior portions is known as the _____ plane. Medial Coronal Transverse Sagittal

Coronal

How is sleep related to obesity? Increase in sleep time can lead to obesity since your genes are being modified. Increase in sleep time leads to decreased eating time and decreased weight. Sleep time does not have any effect on obesity. Decrease in sleep time can lead to obesity because your hormones become unbalanced.

Decrease in sleep time can lead to obesity because your hormones become unbalanced.

Based on what was taught in the video about distinguishing between the three joint types, synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis, what would the elbow joint be considered? Diarthrosis Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis The elbow joint is none of these.

Diarthrosis

The most mobile joint type in the body is: Diarthrosis Cartilaginous Fibrous Synarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Why would you be more flexible at the knee joint than you are at joints in your spine? Though all joints are the same, some joints are simply more flexible by nature. All joints have equal mobility. The relevant bones, and not the joints themselves, determine flexibility. Different joint types have varying degrees of flexibility.

Different joint types have varying degrees of flexibility.

Which of the following is not a function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice? Activate pepsin by removing inhibitory amino acids. Liquefy the contents of the stomach. Kill bacteria in food. Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.

Digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium.

If structure A is situated more towards the back than structure B, then structure A is ___to structure B: Rostral Cranial Dorsal Caudal Ventral

Dorsal

In ectotherms, what controls body temperature? Glucose levels in the blood Internal forces External forces Concentrations of ions

External forces

The most immobile joint tissue type in the body is: Fibrous Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous Synovial

Fibrous

Which of the following is NOT a controllable risk factor for obesity? Genetics Family lifestyles Exercise Sleep

Genetics

Which of the following is most responsible for causing celiac disease? Gliadin Glycogen Glucagon Glucose

Gliadin

What is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism commonly called? Homeostasis Metabolism Conservation Internal pH

Homeostasis

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is TRUE? It can malfunction, resulting in the malabsorption of nutrients. It is a type of intestinal loop. It is not involved in the process of digestion. It secretes only insulin.

It can malfunction, resulting in the malabsorption of nutrients.

Why is celiac sprue dangerous? It causes the formation of kidney stones. It decreases gastric acid production. It causes the formation of bladder stones. It causes the atrophy and destruction of intestinal villi.

It causes the atrophy and destruction of intestinal villi.

What happens to a skeletal muscle when it's removed from the body? It remains the same length. It lengthens. It shortens. It contracts spontaneously.

It shortens.

Which of the following statements about the gallbladder is TRUE? It stores bile made by the liver. It collects bile from the pancreas. It stores insulin. It secretes insulin.

It stores bile made by the liver.

Which of the following structures is superficial to the teeth? Lips Trachea Tongue Larynx

Lips

Maggie has been suffering from arthritis for the past two years and her weight increased from 65kg to 95kg. How might Maggie's arthritis have led to weight gain? Maggie's inability to move led her to an increase in weight. Arthritis is a condition that automatically modifies the genes to absorb fats, and this led Maggie to an increase in weight. Arthritis is a condition that automatically develops fat cells, and this led Maggie to an increase in weight. The medicines that Maggie took led her to an increase in weight.

Maggie's inability to move led her to an increase in weight.

Which of the following is a likely result of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)? Heart disease Kidney damage Intervertebral disk disease Malabsorption

Malabsorption

If you wanted to divide a body into equal right and left halves, which plane should you use? Frontal Transverse Median Coronal

Median

Why do men tend to have a higher basal metabolic rate than women? Men generally have more lean body mass. Men's testosterone burns a lot of energy. Men are generally more energetic. Men tend to eat more nutritious food.

Men generally have more lean body mass.

Which of the following structures are optimally arranged to maximize contraction? Ions Myofibrils Tendons Ligaments Myofilaments

Myofilaments

Which of the following structures is superior to the rib cage? Hips Feet Knees Neck

Neck

How does positive caloric balance compare to negative caloric balance? Negative caloric balance can be changed to positive caloric balance through exercise. Positive caloric balance occurs when caloric intake is less than caloric use, while negative caloric balance occurs when caloric intake is greater than caloric use. Positive caloric balance occurs when caloric intake is greater than caloric use, while negative caloric balance occurs when caloric intake is less than caloric use. Negative caloric balance leads to weight gain, while positive caloric balance leads to weight loss.

Positive caloric balance occurs when caloric intake is greater than caloric use, while negative caloric balance occurs when caloric intake is less than caloric use.

The muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine is known as the: Lower esophageal sphincter Stomach valve Epithelial valve Pyloric sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

Which of the following BEST describes energy balance? The balance between different energy-yielding nutrients you eat The relationship between the energy you take in and the energy you put out The relationship between the calories you eat and your age The relationship between the energy you take in and the prevention of disease The balance of food choices from all five major food groups

The relationship between the energy you take in and the energy you put out

Bill has a healthy meal for breakfast. The energy that his body uses to digest, absorb, and store nutrients is known as which of the following? Non-exercise activity thermogenesis Thermic effect of food Thermal digestion Weight loss Weight gain

Thermic effect of food

What do amylase and pepsin have in common? They are both found in gastric juice. They both break proteins down into smaller peptides. They are both digestive enzymes. They both break large polysaccharides (carbohydrates) down into smaller polysaccharides.

They are both digestive enzymes

How are endotherms able to maintain a stable body temperature that is several degrees warmer than their environment? They maintain a high metabolic rate by burning lots of calories. They have more efficient methods of heat conservation than ectotherms. They tend to live in colder environments, so they need to maintain a higher temperature just to function. They can afford to burn extra calories because their metabolism is much more efficient than the metabolism of ectotherms.

They maintain a high metabolic rate by burning lots of calories.

A man is standing outdoor and feels a sudden chill. He notices the hair raising on his arms. Why do the hairs on a people's arms raise? This is how ectotherms respond to cold weather. This is caused by blood vessels constricting near the surface of the skin. This reaction to cold weather occurs mainly in humans and primates. This is a leftover response from our evolutionary ancestors.

This is a leftover response from our evolutionary ancestors.

If structure A is situated more towards the front than structure B, then structure A is ___to structure B: Ventral Cranial Rostral Caudal Dorsal

Ventral

Which of these terms does not relate directly to the head? Ventral Cranial Cephalic None of these answers are correct Rostral

Ventral

Which of the following factors is NOT likely to influence your basal metabolic rate (BMR)? Calorie intake Gender Body composition Age Vitamin supplements

Vitamin supplements

Which of the following does the large intestine most likely absorb in digestion? Water Additional nutrients The large intestine stores food Enzymes

Water

An inactive precursor of an enzyme that must go through a change to be activated is known as a(n) _____. Zymogen Pepsin Amylase Pepsinogen

Zymogen

A machine is built with a lever system to move heavy loads. Which of the following would be the most efficient in terms of moving a heavy load with relatively little effort or force? a first-class lever All lever systems have the same efficiency. a third-class lever a second-class lever

a second-class lever

Consider an individual who needs surgery to reattach his biceps tendon to his forearm. He requests the surgeon reattach the tendon in such a way to increase the strength of his forearm flexion. What would the surgeon need to do to accomplish his request? attach the biceps tendon on the opposite side of the elbow attach the biceps tendon further away from the elbow attach the biceps tendon closer to the elbow changing the position of the tendon will not affect the strength

attach the biceps tendon further away from the elbow

The brain is located _____ to the skull. superior anterior deep posterior

deep

The back of your hand is the _____ surface of your hand. palmar dorsal distal plantar proximal

dorsal

The body's lever system utilizes the joint, which is known as the _____, the muscular contraction, called _____, and the weight of the body, referred to as _____. fulcrum; force; load fulcrum; load; force load; force; fulcrum force; fulcrum; load

fulcrum; force; load

When standing upright, your knee is _____ to your head. superior anterior superficial inferior

inferior

What forms must carbohydrates and proteins take to be absorbed by the small intestine? monosaccharides and amino acids polysaccharides and fatty acids monosaccharides and water lipids and water

monosaccharides and amino acids

The front part, anterior, or palm of your hand is also known as the _____ side. proximal dorsal plantar distal palmar

palmar

Secretions from the _____, called _____, neutralize acid from the stomach in the small intestine. pancreas, bicarbonate pancreas, zymogens liver, gastric juice liver, bicarbonate

pancreas, bicarbonate

The sole of your foot is known as the _____ surface. doral palmar distal plantar proximal

plantar

Your knee is _____ to your ankle. dorsal rostral proximal distal ventral

proximal

Using the mnemonic FRE123, what does it tell us about a second class lever? the resistance is found at the end of this lever system the muscle is connected in the middle of this lever system the effort is found in the middle of this lever system the resistance is found in the middle of this lever system

the resistance is found in the middle of this lever system

The amount of energy necessary to digest, absorb, and transport a certain type of food is known as the _____. thermic effect of food negative caloric balance caloric balance positive caloric balance

thermic effect of food

What is one reason that enzymes are present in the small intestine? to convert monosaccharides to polysaccharides to break down protein to amino acids to break down lipids to water to convert zymogens to glucose

to break down protein to amino acids