chapter 7 - protein

there are a total of ______ essential amino acids and 11 nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

9

Keratin: A. hair, nails, and skin B. cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue

A

A(n) ___________ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes A. lactoovovegetarian B. omnivore C. vegan D. lactovegetarian

C

Which of the following cells do not contain protein? A. cells made with collagen B. skin, blood, and bone cells C. none, all cells contain some protein D. certain hormones, such as insulin and glucagon

C

a low quality protein A. contains all nine essential amino acids B.contains all eleven nonessential amino acids C. lacks or has inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential animo acids

C

how many amino acids are considered essential? A. 11 B. 20 C. 9 D. 7

C

polypeptides are A. small chains of amino acids B. chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together C. proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids D. all of the above

C

Each amino acid has a carbon atom that anchors a hydrogen atom and which group of atoms? A. the nitrogen-containing group (amino) B. the R group C. the acid group D. all of the above

D

a complete protein contains A. all the water soluble vitamins B. carbohydrate, lipid and protein C. all 11 nonessential amino acids D. all nine essential amino acids

D

a vegan, or total vegetarian, eats: A. everything except red meats B. eggs, but no other animal foods C. only fruits, nuts and seeds D. only plant foods

D

amino acids are the end product of _______ digestion A. lipid B. carbohydrate C. alcohol D. protein

D

high-protein diets are generally not recommended for healthy individuals because they may lead to higher-than-normal urinary losses of... A. glucose B. albumin C. protein D. calcium

D

proteins are comprised of smaller chemical units called __________ ____________.

amino acids

proteins are made up of smaller units called ____________ ___________

amino acids

what are the building blocks of protein?

amino acids

a _________ helps to maintain the pH of a solution

buffer

when blood protein level decrease and water leaks from the bloodstream into the spaces between cells, the resulting condition is called ___________

edema

DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis. true or false?

false

alanine is an essential animo acid. true or false?

false

asparagine is an essential amino acid. true or false?

false

cysteine is usually categorized as an essential animo acid, but under certain conditions can be categorized as a nonessential animo acid. true or false?

false

threonine is a nonessential animo acid. true or false?

false

valine is a nonessential amino acid. true or false?

false

A __________________ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs

lactovovegetarian

________ _________ protein lacks one or more of the essential amino acids or contains inadequate amounts of these nutrients.

low quality

the branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning, dietary choices and the environment is called ____________ ____________

nutritional genomics

The body uses proteins to make antibodies. true or false?

true

glutamic acid is a nonessential animo acid. true or false?

true

glutamine is usually categorized as a nonessential animo acid, but under certain conditions can be categorized as an essential animo acid. true or false?

true

sometimes, amino acids that are normally nonessential can become conditionally essential. true or false?

true

threonine is an essential animo acid. true or false?

true

what is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of essential amino acids? A. combining protein B. complementary protein C. deamination

B

what confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease? A. intestinal biopsy B. positive blood test C. positive stool D. positive urinalysis

A B

possible disadvantages of a plant-based diet include food intakes low in A. calcium B. iron C. folate D. vitamin B-12

A B D

protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects people whose diets lack A. protein B. lipids C. energy D. water

A C

what is the term for the chemical bond formed between amino acids in a protein? A. ionic bond B. peptide bond C. covalent bond D. hydrogen bond

B

which helps resist a change in the pH of a solution? A. protein B. buffer C. albumin

B

which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet? A. nonessential amino acids B. essential amino acids

B

what is the name for the "hook" that provides a chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid? A. polypeptide B. peptide bond C. peptides D. cell nucleus

B

which of the following are true about complete protein sources? select all that apply A. most foods of plant origin are sources of complete protein B. most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein C. complete proteins are sometimes called "lower-quality" proteins D. supplied all nine essential acids

B D

an immunologist is a physician who specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of A. sport injuries B. genetic disorders C. allergies

C

edema refers to A. lack of healthy red blood cells B. formation of glucose from amino acids C. a buildup of fluid in the spaces between cells D. low blood pH

C

gene expression results in A. carbohydrate synthesis B. protein breakdown C. protein synthesis D. fat synthesis

C

how is protein different from lipids and carbohydrates? A. protein contains the same elements as lipids and carbohydrates B. protein contains more calories per gram that lipids and carbohydrates C. protein contains nitrogen

C

poor sources of protein are ________ A. soy products B. chicken and fish C. fruits

C

__________ proteins are dietary proteins that are low in. or lack, one or more essential amino acids

incomplete

low quality protein is also called __________ protein.

incomplete

________ help regulate the acid-base balance in the blood A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. lipids

B

__________ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat A. animal B. plant

B

a high intake of meat is typically A. less expensive B. more expensive C. equivalent in cost to a low protein intake

B

a peptide bond is A. small chains of amino acids B. chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together C. proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids D. all of the above

B

A healthy human can make how many amino acids? A. none - we get them from our diet B. 4 C. 11 D. all of them

C

what happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for construction the protein? A. the partially constructed protein waits until the necessary amino acid becomes available B. a different version of the original protein is made C. the protein is constructed without the necessary amino acid D. production of the protein stops

D

what is a healthy adult's RDA for protein? A. 1.0 g/kg of body weight B. 1.0 g/lb of body weight C. 2.0 g/kg of body weight D. 0.8 g/kg of body weight

D

what type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine? A. irritable bowel syndrome B. liver disease C. pancreatic cancer D. celiac disease

D

what type of physician specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of allergies? A. internist B. orthopedic C. wholest D. immunologist

D

incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the __________ code

DNA

a(n) __________ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet. A. nonessential B. essential C. indispensable D. A and C E. B and C

E

Proteins are complex organic molecules that are chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates because they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. True or false?

True

The body uses proteins to make new cells and many components of cells. True or false?

True

The body uses proteins to make structures such as hair and nails. True or false?

True

an allergen is a A. protein B. carbohydrate C. amino acid D. lipid

A

collagen: A. hair, nails, and skin B. cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue

B

there are 3 groups that make up each amino acid. they are the _________ group, the ______________ group, and the ____________ group.

acid, R, nitrogen-containing

high quality protein is also called __________ protein.

complete

when the amino acids are bonded together it is called a polypeptide. what is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process?

dipeptide

fats and carbohydrates are rarely used to meet energy needs. true or false?

false

glycine is usually categorized as an essential animo acid, but under certain conditions can be categorized as a nonessential animo acid. true or false?

false

insulin and glucagon are not proteins. true or false?

false

isoleucine is a nonessential amino acid. true or false?

false

lysine is a nonessential amino acid. true or false?

false

phenylalanine is a nonessential amino acid. true or false?

false

__________ protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses risk for dehydration

high

________ ____________ protein contains all essential amino acids in amounts that support protein deposition in muscles and other tissues, as well as a young child's growth.

high quality

A(n) ________________ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. examples include: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils.

legume

A(n) ___________ nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein that is needed

negative

a(n) _______________ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

the study of how a person's genetic makeup influences the way their body reacts to food is called ________

nutrigenetics

The body uses proteins to make clotting compounds. true or false?

true

The body uses proteins to make compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance. true or false?

true

The body uses proteins to make enzymes. true or false?

true

The body uses proteins to make lubricants. true or false?

true

arginine is usually categorized as a nonessential animo acid, but under certain conditions can be categorized as an essential animo acid. true or false?

true

aspartic acid is a nonessential animo acid. true or false?

true

histidine is an essential amino acid. true or false?

true

infection-fighting antibodies are proteins. true or false?

true

leucine is an essential amino acid. true or false?

true

little is known about the long-term safety of amino supplements. true or false?

true

methionine is an essential amino acid. true or false?

true

proline is usually categorized as a nonessential animo acid, but under certain conditions can be categorized as an essential animo acid. true or false?

true

tryptophan is an essential amino acid. true or false?

true

tyrosine is usually categorized as a nonessential animo acid, but under certain conditions can be categorized as an essential animo acid. true or false?

true

very little dietary protein escapes digestion and is eliminated in feces. true or false?

true

a protein found in the blood, such as albumin, helps A. maintain fluid balance in the tissues B. provide energy for intense exercise C. with muscle contation

A

a protein intake that is 20% of a person's total calorie intake would be ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) A. within B. below C. insufficient information to answer the question D. above

A

a specific tRNA molecule A. conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome B. transcribes a sequence of its amino acid sequence C. unwinds exposing a single portion of the DNA

A

nonessential amino acids means.... A. they are made in the body, not provided by diet B. they are not made in the body, are provided by diet

A

once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA travels to the _________ where the mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein A. ribosomes B. nuclear membrane C. mitochondria D. endoplasmic reticulum

A

peptides are A. small chains of amino acids B. chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together C. proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids D. all of the above

A

protein synthesis begins when a gene's coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied forming: A. messenger RNA (mRNA) B. translation C. ribosomes D. transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

research shows that a high-protein diet may _________ calcium loss in urine A. increase B. decrease

A

which of the following is the food with the highest quality protein because it is well digested and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that used by humans? A. beans B. egg C. corn D. milk

B

which of the following vegetarian diets allow a person to eat eggs but no other animal foods? A. semivegetarian B. ovovegetarian C. lactoovovegetarian D. lactovegetarian

B

forms of PEM include A. PKU B. Kwashiorkor C. Celiac disease D. Marasmus

B D

a protein in red blood cells, hemoglobin, is comprised of four polypeptide chains coiled together. this shape makes hemoglobin very good at transporting ____________. A. protein B. nitrogen C. oxygen

C

protein is the most important nutrient class. true or false?

false

the body obtains about two-thirds of its amino acid supply from __________ sources A. endogenous B. exogenous

A

which naturally occurring food is 100% protein? A. no naturally occurring food is 100% protein B. prime rib C. any soy product D. margarine, butter, and vegetable oils

A

which type of protein helps maintain the proper distribution of fluids in the blood and body tissue? A. albumin B. antibodies C. collagen D. melanin

A

consumers who utilize at home genetic tests should A. first consult their physician B. use caution when interpreting their results C. change their diets immediately based on the test results

A B

humans are considered A. omnivores B. able to eat plants and animals C. best at eating plants but not animals D. carnivores

A B

nutritional genomics studies the interactions between gene functioning and A. environment B. dietary choices C. anatomical function

A B

which of the following are common signs and symptoms of food allergies? A. difficulty swallowing B. dilated pupils C. scaly skin rash D. swollen or itchy lips

A C D

which of the following are guidelines suggested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPyramid Plan for protein? choose all that apply A. choose lean or low-fat meat B. choose labels that state the meat is at lease 80% lean C. remove any visible fat D. when buying ground beef, choose "extra lean" products

A C D

which of the following are advantages of a vegetarian diet? A. high in phytochemicals B. low in vitamin B-12 C. high fiber D. low saturated fat E. low cholesterol

A C D E

which of the following describe the components of an amino acid? A. amino group B. a group C. acid group D. protein group E. side group/R group

A C E

essential amino acids means... A. they are made in the body, not provided by diet B. they are not made in the body, are provided by diet

B

people with celiac disease must avoid products with A. peanuts B. gluten C. potassium D. eggs

B

the process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called A. protein turnover B. deamination C. hydrogenation D. transamination

B

to make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA? A. 12 B. 20 C. 30 D. 11

B

what happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" oh amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for construction the protein? A. a different version of the original protein is made B. the protein is constructed without the necessary amino acids C. production of the protein stops D. the partially constructed protein waits until the necessary amino acid becomes available

C

which food rates high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans? A. nuts and seeds B. corn C. eggs D. apples

C

your body makes proteins by following information coded in your.... A. polypeptides B. skin C. deoxyribonucleic acid D. DNA

C D

The body uses proteins to function as the largest energy source. true or false?

false

serine is as essential amino acid. true or false?

false

a ___________ bond is an attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the animo group of another amino acid

peptide

enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of ___________

proteins