Chapter 7: The Media

The media landscape for news has seen remarkable shifts in a short period of time. Which media sources have gained wider audiences and which have lost some of their audience? In which year was newspaper readership the highest?

1995

news aggregator

An application or feed that collects web content such as news headlines, blogs, podcasts, online videos, and more in one location for easy viewing

gatekeeping

A process by which information and news are filtered to the public by the media; for example, a reporter choosing which sources to include in a story

Which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States?

A small number of giant, privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites

The media landscape for news has seen remarkable shifts in a short period of time. Which media sources have gained wider audiences and which have lost some of their audience? Which statement about news sources is accurate?

More people used the radio for news in 2017 than in 2007

Which of the following best describes the level of ideological bias in the news media overall?

Most sources have been found to be centrist

citizen journalism

News reported and distributed by citizens, rather than by professional journalists and for‐profit news organizations

Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically report(s) on the narrowest range of topics and provide(s) the least depth of news coverage.

television

The gap in access to the internet due to differences in education, income, age, geographic location and race/ethnicity is known as

the digital divide

The now-defunct rule that required broadcasters to provide time for opposing views when they are aired programs on controversial issues is called

the fairness doctrine

When we say the media have the power of framing, we mean that

the media can affect how people view a topic or form opinions on a topic

When we say the media have the power of agenda setting or filtering, we mean that

the media shape which topics the government must deal with

media

Print and digital forms of communication, including television, newspapers, radio, and the internet, intended to convey information to large audiences

Which of the following best describes the relationship that the news media have with big technology companies?

Technology companies are increasingly developing or buying major news media companies

broadcast media

Television, radio, or other media that transmit audio and/or video content to the public

Which of the following is not a reason that many Americans appear to prefer online news?

The accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets

Individuals with home high-speed internet access and the skills to use it are called

digital citizens

During the 2016 campaign, Hillary Clinton received

half the amount of media coverage as Donald Trump

A consequence of the limited public broadcasting available in the United States relative to other Western democracies is the American public

has less political knowledge than people in other Western democracies

Digital citizenship requires

high-speed internet access and the skills to use it

Framing is the power the media has to

influence how events, issues, and people's actions are interpreted and understood

The media landscape for news has seen remarkable shifts in a short period of time. Which media sources have gained wider audiences and which have lost some of their audience? Which platform do U.S adults cite as their most frequent source of news?

internet

The media are sometimes referred to as the "fourth branch of government" because

they provide a check on the power of government and political leaders

If a number of newspapers published stories exposing an elected official's acceptance of monetary bribes from a corporation in exchange for passing a particular law, it would be an example of the media serving in their role as a

watchdog

framing

The power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted

The media landscape for news has seen remarkable shifts in a short period of time. Which media sources have gained wider audiences and which have lost some of their audience? In what year did more people get their news from radio than from newspapers?

2015

right of rebuttal

A Federal Communications Commission regulation giving individuals the right to have the opportunity to respond to personal attacks made on a radio or television broadcast

digital citizen

A daily internet user with broadband (high‐speed) home internet access and the technology and literacy skills to go online for employment, news, politics, entertainment, commerce, and other activities

adversarial journalism

A model of reporting in which the journalist's role involves adopting a stance of opposition and a combative style in order to expose perceived wrongdoings

penny press

Cheap, tabloid‐style newspaper produced in the nineteenth century, when mass production of inexpensive newspapers first became possible due to the steam‐powered printing press; a penny press newspaper cost one cent compared with other papers, which cost more than five cents

Which of the following best describes Americans' level of trust in the media today?

Democrats are more likely than Republicans to think that information from national news organizations is very trustworthy

Which of the following is a good example of a media monopoly?

Disney

fake news

False stories intended to be read as factual news that are circulated to benefit one candidate or party over another or to generate ad revenue

Which agency regulates broadcast media in the United States?

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

What is media monopoly?

The concentration of media ownership by a few large corporations

digital divide

The gap in access to the internet among demographic groups based on education, income, age, geographic location, and race/ethnicity

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the government and the media in the United States today?

The government does not own but regulates the content and ownership of broadcast media

media monopoly

The ownership and control of the media by a few large corporations

agenda setting

The power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems

priming

The process of making some criteria more important than others when evaluating a politician, problem, or issue

equal time rule

The requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public

social media

Web‐ and mobile‐based technologies that are used to turn communication into interactive dialogue among organizations, communities, and individuals; social media technologies take on many different forms, including text, blogs, podcasts, photographs, streaming video, Facebook, and Twitter

Adversarial journalism refers to

a form of reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the government and public officials

Which of the following is a good example of broadcast media outlet?

a local television station

Public broadcasting outlets that receive partial funding through license fees and government subsidies

account for less than 5 percent of media market share in the United States

The frequent reporting on the federal investigation by Robert Mueller regarding whether anyone close to Trump participated in Russia's 2016 election interference is an example of the media's commitment to

adversarial journalism

Privately owned media companies in the United States earn most of their revenue from

advertising

Which of the following stories would an American news outlet that relies primarily on advertising revenue be LEAST likely to cover?

an economics professor providing testimony to a congressional committee on the effect of tariffs

During the last decade, the number of newspaper journalists working in the United States has

decreased by 50%

The fact that a decreasing number of companies owns an increasingly large share of the American media is a concern primarily because

it increases the risk that politicians and citizens who express less popular or minority viewpoints will have difficulty finding a public forum

More than three-fourths of daily print newspaper are owned by

large media conglomerates

In general, FCC regulations apply only to

over-the-air broadcast media

Which of the following requires an FCC license in order to legally broadcast in the United States?

over-the-air television stations

Which of the following is the best definition of the media?

print and digital forms of communication that include everything from websites, newspapers, television and radio