chapter 7
is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes.
Kwashiorkor
The axial skeleton can be defined as which of the following
The bones of the supporting central axis of the body
Healthy individuals need to consume protein in an amount that replaces the protein lost in
hair feces urine
Which term refers to a prominent expanded end of a bone that is sometimes rounded?
head
Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______, such as insulin and glucagon.
hormones
food allergy
immune response
he RDA for protein would be higher
in highly trained athletes. during recovery from illness or injury.
Which of the following diseases is most likely to result from a severe protein deficit accompanied by an illness or infection?
kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies _____.
lack of nutrients calorie deficiency
Which proteins function as transporters for other nutrients?
lipoproteins transferrin
When carbohydrates are in short supply, the ______ can make glucose from amino acids present in body tissues
liver
Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
nonessential
The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form
proteins
Both animal proteins and human tissue have a _____ amino acid composition.
similar
Whenever Suzy eats spinach she gets an upset stomach. Suzy is most likely experiencing a
food intolerance
A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because
foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat. foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol.
The blood proteins _______________ are important in maintaining fluid balance.
globulin albumin
How many bones does the skeleton typically contain at birth
270
The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake.
35%
Proteins supply the body with about kilocalories per gram.
4
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true
A young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. Fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor.
Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid?
Acid group Side chain Amino group
An essential amino acid
must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur. cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts.
Which structural proteins make up more than a third of the body protein
myosin collagen actin
Jean consumes 56 g of protein daily. The nitrogen equivalent of 60 g of protein is measured in her urine. Jean is in a state of ___.
negative protein balance
Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the
Dna
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true?
Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. A young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. Fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor.
What can cause denaturation
Exposure to alkaline solutions Agitation Exposure to acid solutions
Which shape of the protein determines the function?
Tertiary
The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are
Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Iron
Denaturation is the process of
altering the 3-dimensional structure of a protein.
A(n) is composed of 4 elements: a nitrogen group, an acid, a hydrogen, and a side group.
amino acid
Most of the ______ released throughout the body can be recycled to become part of the pool available for the synthesis of future proteins.
amino acids
A carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the
amino group
Quinoa, soy, and ______ protein are the examples of plant-based proteins that contain all 9 essential amino acids.
buckwheat
Amino acids that are dispensable
can be made from other amino acids
A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing
cancer cardiovascular disease
If a food _______, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protei
contains all 9 essential amino acids
A high-protein diet can affect the kidneys by
contributing to kidney stones. increasing the production of urea.
proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol
plant
The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is
protein
The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is _____.
protein
Which macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?
protein
During the periods of mental stress, physical labor, and routine weekend sports, a person's protein needs _____.
remain unchanged
The process of protein turnover involves protein _____.
repair rebuilding breakdown
Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein.
saturated fat cholesterol
Identify the different levels of protein organization.
secondary structure primary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure
Final digestion of protein occurs in the
small intestine
All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except
sodium
Where does the digestion of protein begin
stomach
The amino acids needed for the synthesis of protein are supplied b
the diet. recycling of body protein.
What individuals are at risk for PEM
those suffering from anorexia nervosa, living in poverty, hospitalized patients
Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?
thyroid hormone
The amino group from an amino acid is excreted in the
urine
Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovo vegetarian consume?
Fruit Eggs Milk
If carbohydrate intake is inadequate to maintain blood glucose levels, the liver is forced to make glucose from the ______ present in body tissues.
amino acids
Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ______ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.
equal to
The RDA for protein would be higher
- during recovery from illness or injury - in highly trained athletes
There are _____ nonessential amino acids.
11
This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.
Biological value
Which population has a high prevalence of PEM?
Central America
Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids
Help to maintain body fluid
Match the protein transporter with its function.
Hemoglobin matches Choice Carries oxygen Lipoprotein matches Choice Transports lipids Retinol-binding protein matches Choice Carries vitamin A Transferrin matches Choice Carries iron
What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?
Incorrect mRNA will be produced. The polypeptide chain will be incorrect. Ribosomes will read the incorrect message
Which of the following is the primary cause of marasmu
Lack of food/nutrients
Chronic protein-energy malnutrition results in
Marasmus
Which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed
Negative protein balance
Proteins serve which of the following functions
Proteins regulate and maintain essential body functions. Proteins aid in cell synthesis. Proteins play a role in enzyme and hormone production.
There are 4 groups that make up each amino acid. They are the hydrogen group, the acid group, the amino group, and the ______ group.
R
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH Pump ions into and out of cells
Which type of bone forms within a tendon due to stress?
Sesamoid
Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid?
Side chain Acid group Amino group
Which of the following are the four (4) building blocks of DNA?
Thymine Guanine Adenine Cytosine
Proteins from ______ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino acids.
animals
Identify a key component of the immune system.
antibody proteins
The bones of the upper limb are part of the
appendicular
The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage comprise the
axial
Each 3-nucleotide unit or codon _____.
codes for a specific amino acid is made of DNA
The nucleotide units that contain instructions for protein synthesis are called
codons
Nonessential amino acids are also called
dispensable amino acids
is a double-stranded molecule in a helical form.
dna
Diets containing excessive amounts of protein ____ provide additional health benefits.
do not
Quinoa and soy protein are both plant-based proteins that meet ________ amino acid needs.
essencial
What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?
hey consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness.
protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk for) kidney disease.
high
Which form of PEM is characterized by edema and the development of a fatty liver?
kwashiorkor
Match the type of vegetarian with the diet they would consume.
lacto- milk vegan-animal
e biological value of plant proteins is usually _____ that of animal proteins.
much lower than
he biological value of plant proteins is usually _____ that of animal proteins.
much lower than
The bond that links amino acids together to form a protein is called a(an) ____ bond.
peptide
help regulate acid-base balance in the blood.
proteins
Most vital body proteins are in a constant state of breakdown, rebuilding, and repair. What is this process called?
proteinturnover
Amino acids are the basic elements used in the synthesis of
protien
amino acids needed for the synthesis of protein are supplied by
recycling of body protein. the diet.