chapter 7

is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes.

Kwashiorkor

The axial skeleton can be defined as which of the following

The bones of the supporting central axis of the body

Healthy individuals need to consume protein in an amount that replaces the protein lost in

hair feces urine

Which term refers to a prominent expanded end of a bone that is sometimes rounded?

head

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______, such as insulin and glucagon.

hormones

food allergy

immune response

he RDA for protein would be higher

in highly trained athletes. during recovery from illness or injury.

Which of the following diseases is most likely to result from a severe protein deficit accompanied by an illness or infection?

kwashiorkor

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies _____.

lack of nutrients calorie deficiency

Which proteins function as transporters for other nutrients?

lipoproteins transferrin

When carbohydrates are in short supply, the ______ can make glucose from amino acids present in body tissues

liver

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential

The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form

proteins

Both animal proteins and human tissue have a _____ amino acid composition.

similar

Whenever Suzy eats spinach she gets an upset stomach. Suzy is most likely experiencing a

food intolerance

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat. foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol.

The blood proteins _______________ are important in maintaining fluid balance.

globulin albumin

How many bones does the skeleton typically contain at birth

270

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that protein intake does not exceed ___% of energy intake.

35%

Proteins supply the body with about kilocalories per gram.

4

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true

A young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. Fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor.

Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid?

Acid group Side chain Amino group

An essential amino acid

must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur. cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts.

Which structural proteins make up more than a third of the body protein

myosin collagen actin

Jean consumes 56 g of protein daily. The nitrogen equivalent of 60 g of protein is measured in her urine. Jean is in a state of ___.

negative protein balance

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the

Dna

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true?

Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor. A young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. Fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor.

What can cause denaturation

Exposure to alkaline solutions Agitation Exposure to acid solutions

Which shape of the protein determines the function?

Tertiary

The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are

Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Iron

Denaturation is the process of

altering the 3-dimensional structure of a protein.

A(n) is composed of 4 elements: a nitrogen group, an acid, a hydrogen, and a side group.

amino acid

Most of the ______ released throughout the body can be recycled to become part of the pool available for the synthesis of future proteins.

amino acids

A carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the

amino group

Quinoa, soy, and ______ protein are the examples of plant-based proteins that contain all 9 essential amino acids.

buckwheat

Amino acids that are dispensable

can be made from other amino acids

A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing

cancer cardiovascular disease

If a food _______, it should allow for efficient incorporation of food-derived amino acids into body protei

contains all 9 essential amino acids

A high-protein diet can affect the kidneys by

contributing to kidney stones. increasing the production of urea.

proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol

plant

The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is

protein

The nutrient that serves in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in fluid balance, cell synthesis and repair, and visual processes is _____.

protein

Which macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

protein

During the periods of mental stress, physical labor, and routine weekend sports, a person's protein needs _____.

remain unchanged

The process of protein turnover involves protein _____.

repair rebuilding breakdown

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no ______ than animal sources of protein.

saturated fat cholesterol

Identify the different levels of protein organization.

secondary structure primary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure

Final digestion of protein occurs in the

small intestine

All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except

sodium

Where does the digestion of protein begin

stomach

The amino acids needed for the synthesis of protein are supplied b

the diet. recycling of body protein.

What individuals are at risk for PEM

those suffering from anorexia nervosa, living in poverty, hospitalized patients

Which hormone is made only from one amino acid?

thyroid hormone

The amino group from an amino acid is excreted in the

urine

Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovo vegetarian consume?

Fruit Eggs Milk

If carbohydrate intake is inadequate to maintain blood glucose levels, the liver is forced to make glucose from the ______ present in body tissues.

amino acids

Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ______ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.

equal to

The RDA for protein would be higher

- during recovery from illness or injury - in highly trained athletes

There are _____ nonessential amino acids.

11

This is a measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.

Biological value

Which population has a high prevalence of PEM?

Central America

Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids

Help to maintain body fluid

Match the protein transporter with its function.

Hemoglobin matches Choice Carries oxygen Lipoprotein matches Choice Transports lipids Retinol-binding protein matches Choice Carries vitamin A Transferrin matches Choice Carries iron

What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?

Incorrect mRNA will be produced. The polypeptide chain will be incorrect. Ribosomes will read the incorrect message

Which of the following is the primary cause of marasmu

Lack of food/nutrients

Chronic protein-energy malnutrition results in

Marasmus

Which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed

Negative protein balance

Proteins serve which of the following functions

Proteins regulate and maintain essential body functions. Proteins aid in cell synthesis. Proteins play a role in enzyme and hormone production.

There are 4 groups that make up each amino acid. They are the hydrogen group, the acid group, the amino group, and the ______ group.

R

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH Pump ions into and out of cells

Which type of bone forms within a tendon due to stress?

Sesamoid

Which of the following describe the components of an amino acid?

Side chain Acid group Amino group

Which of the following are the four (4) building blocks of DNA?

Thymine Guanine Adenine Cytosine

Proteins from ______ are considered to be a good source of all 9 essential amino acids.

animals

Identify a key component of the immune system.

antibody proteins

The bones of the upper limb are part of the

appendicular

The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage comprise the

axial

Each 3-nucleotide unit or codon _____.

codes for a specific amino acid is made of DNA

The nucleotide units that contain instructions for protein synthesis are called

codons

Nonessential amino acids are also called

dispensable amino acids

is a double-stranded molecule in a helical form.

dna

Diets containing excessive amounts of protein ____ provide additional health benefits.

do not

Quinoa and soy protein are both plant-based proteins that meet ________ amino acid needs.

essencial

What is the reason why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet?

hey consume a diet rich in high fiber, low calorie foods that cause fullness.

protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk for) kidney disease.

high

Which form of PEM is characterized by edema and the development of a fatty liver?

kwashiorkor

Match the type of vegetarian with the diet they would consume.

lacto- milk vegan-animal

e biological value of plant proteins is usually _____ that of animal proteins.

much lower than

he biological value of plant proteins is usually _____ that of animal proteins.

much lower than

The bond that links amino acids together to form a protein is called a(an) ____ bond.

peptide

help regulate acid-base balance in the blood.

proteins

Most vital body proteins are in a constant state of breakdown, rebuilding, and repair. What is this process called?

proteinturnover

Amino acids are the basic elements used in the synthesis of

protien

amino acids needed for the synthesis of protein are supplied by

recycling of body protein. the diet.