chapter 8 3301
A(n) ________ class is a class that has no direct instances but whose descendants may have direct instances.
Abstract
A(n) ________ is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.
Associative entity
A(n) ________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.
Attribute
A domain is the set of all data types and ranges of values that ________ may assume.
Attributes
On what basis are objects referenced, selected, qualified, sorted, and categorized?
Attributes and secondary keys
A ________ relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling.
Binary
________ rules are specifications that preserve the integrity of the logical data model.
Business
A ________ key is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.
Candidate
The ________ defines the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.
Cardinality
The ________ shows the static structure of an object-oriented model: the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate.
Class diagram
A(n) ________ is an attribute that has meaningful component parts.
Composite attribute
A part-of relationship in which parts belong to only one whole object, and the parts live and die with the whole object is called ________.
Composition
A(n) ________ data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.
Conceptual
A class that can have direct instances (e.g., Outpatient or Resident Patient) is called a(n) ________ class. A) Object B) Abstract C) Associative D) Concrete
Concrete
Which benefit of purchased data models refers to the fact that they are very general, covering almost all options employed by the associated functional area or industry?
Consistent and complete
A(n) ________ is an attribute that may not have a value forevery entity instance.
D) Optional attribute
During requirements structuring, a ________ model represents conceptual data requirements for a particular system.
Data
The ________ of a relationship is the number of entity types that participate in that relationship.
Degree
A(n) ________ is an attribute whose value can be computed from related attribute values.
Derived attribute
The ________ rule specifies that if an entity instance of the super type is a member of one subtype, it cannot simultaneously be a member of any other subtype.
Disjoint
Which business rule specifies constraints on valid values for attributes?
Domains
An ________ model is a detailed, logical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area.
E-R
The ________ is the technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view.
Encapsulation
A(n) ________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.
Entity
Which business rule specifies that each instance of an entity type must have a unique identifier that is not null?
Entity integrity
The most common format used for data modeling is ________ diagramming.
Entity-relationship
A(n) ________ is the data manipulation operation (insert, delete, or update) that initiates the operation.
Event
Event entity types should be named for the result of the ________, not the activity or process of the event.
Event
A physical data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.
F ?
A primary key is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.
F ?
A state is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.
F ?
A ternary relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling.
F ?
An aggregation is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.
F ?
An entity type that associates the instances of only one type and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.
F ?
An object type is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics.
F ?
Conceptual data modeling is not done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during systems analysis.
F ?
Projects with purchased models take less time and cost more because the initial discovery steps are no longer necessary, leaving only iterative tailoring and refinement to the local situation.
F ?
The disjoint rule specifies that if an entity instance of the supertype is a member of one subtype, it can simultaneously be a member of any other subtype.
F ?
The primary deliverable from the physical data modeling step within the analysis phase is an E-R diagram.
F ?
Which benefit of purchased data models provides database planning and analysis by providing a first data model, which we can use to generate specific analysis questions and concrete, not hypothetical or abstract, examples of what might be in the appropriate database?
Facilitates systems analysis
How many types of business rules are there in conceptual data modeling?
Four
________ data models are generic data models that are designed to be used by organizations within specific industries. A) Universal B) Conceptual C) Logical D) Industry-specific
Industry-specific
An entity ________ is a single occurrence of an entity type.
Instance
The term ________ data model means a conceptual data model with some additional properties associated with the most popular type of database technology like relational databases.
Logical
A(n) ________ is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance.
Multi-valued attribute
A(n) ________ is a specification that indicates how many objects participate in a given relationship.
Multiplicity
Each entity type in an E-R model is given a ________ because it represents a class or set, it is singular.
Name
A(n) ________ has a well-defined role in the application domain, and it has state (data), behavior, and identity characteristics.
Object
The ________ is a logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes, relationships, and behaviors; also called class.
Object class
A unary relationship is a relationship between the instances of ________ entity type(s).
One
The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes.
Overlap
The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance of the super type does not have to belong to any subtype.
Partial specialization
The fact that the same operation may apply to two or more classes in different ways is known as ________.
Polymorphism
What unique characteristic(s) distinguish(es) each object from other objects of the same type?
Primary key
A(n) ________ is an operation that does not have any side effects; it accesses the state of an object but does not alter the state.
Query operation
Which business rule specifies rules concerning the relationships between entity types?
Referential integrity constraints
A(n) ________ is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.
Relationship
A(n) ________ is an attribute that must have a value forevery entity instance.
Required attribute
Similar attributes of different entity types should use ________ but distinguishing names.
Similar
A common mistake many people make when they are just learning to draw E-R diagrams, especially if they already know how to do data flow diagramming, is to confuse data entities with ________ and relationships with data flows.
Sinks
The ________ of an object encompasses its properties (attributes and relationships) and the values of those properties.
State
A ________ is an entity type that is meaningful to the organization and that shares common attributes or relationships distinct from other sub-groupings.
Subtype
A relationship definition explains what action is being taken and possibly why it is important. It may be important to state who or what does the action, but it is not important to explain how the action is taken.
T
A supertype is a generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes.
T
An entity instance (also known simply as an instance) is a single occurrence of an entity type and is described just once in a data model, whereas many instances of that entity type may be represented by data stored in the database.
T
An identifier is a candidate key that has been selected to be used as the unique characteristic for an entity type.
T
Domain definitions typically specify some (or all) of the following characteristics of attributes: data type, length, format, range, allowable values, meaning, uniqueness, and null support (whether an attribute value may or may not be null).
T
Event entity types should be named for the result of the event, not the activity or process of the event.
T
One situation in which a relationship must be turned into an associative entity is when the associative entity has other relationships with entities besides the relationship that caused its creation.
T
The minimum cardinality of a relationship is the minimum number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A.
T
The other deliverable from conceptual data modeling is a full set of entries about data objects that will be stored in the project dictionary, repository, or data modeling software.
T
The process of conceptual data modeling begins with developing a conceptual data model for the system being replaced, if a system already exists. This is essential for planning the conversion of the current files or database into the database of the new system.
T
The technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view is known as encapsulation.
T
An entity has its own identity that distinguishes it from each other entity.
T /
A ternary relationship is a simultaneous relationship among instances of ________ entity type(s).
Three
The ________ rule specifies that each entity instance of the super-type must be a member of some subtype of the relationship.
Total specialization
A(n) ________ is an assertion or rule that governs the validity of data manipulation operations such as insert, update, and delete.
Triggering operation
Which business rule specifies the validity of attribute values? A) Triggering operations B) Referential integrity C) Entity integrity D) Domains
Triggering operations
There is/are ________ principal type(s) of packaged data model(s).
Two
An entity ________ is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics.
Type
An entity ________ is described just once in a data model, whereas many ________ of that may be represented by data stored in the database.
Type; instances
A recursive relationship is also known as a ________ relationship.
Unary
A(n) ________ is a concise statement of the business rule to be enforced by the triggering operation.
User rule
