Chapter 8-9 Bio Calderon

The Krebs cycle involves ___ cycles

2

Which of the following are the products in glycolysis? glucose 2 Pyruvate acids oxygen 34-36 ATP 2 ATP ethanol (alcohol) NADH carbon dioxide

2 ATP NADH 2 Pyruvate acids

The net gain of energy from glycolysis is

2 ATP molecules

Which of the following are true statements about lactic acid fermentation? It is done by some types of yeast 2 pyruvate is a reactant 2 ethanol is a product 2 lactate is product Can be done by muscles cells Carbon dioxide is a product

2 pyruvate is a reactant 2 lactate is product Can be done by muscles cells

Which statements are true about the Electron Transport Chain, ETC? 26-34 ATP molecules are produced It is considered an aerobic process It is considered an anaerobic process 6 NADH are produced This step takes place in the cytoplasm This step takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrial 2 FADH2 are produced Water is released Carbon dioxide is released This step takes place in the mitochondrial matrix The net yield is 2 ATP molecules

26-34 ATP molecules are produced It is considered an aerobic process This step takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrial Water is released

Which of the following are the products in the electron transport chain? carbon dioxide 32 ATP FADH2 Acetyl CoA water NADH NADPH 2 ATP oxygen

32 ATP water

What is the total number ATP molecules formed during cellular respiration?

36

ATP is synthesized by adding a phosphate group to ____.

ADP

In cells, the energy available in food is used to make an energy-rich compound called

ATP

One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is

ATP

The energy storage molecule used by most organism is called

ATP

What are the reactants of the Calvin Cycle? light (sunlight) ATP water sugars (glucose) NADPH carbon dioxide ADP oxygen

ATP NADPH carbon dioxide

Which of the following are the products in cellular respiration? ATP lactic acid oxygen glucose carbon dioxide water 2 Pyruvate acids NADH

ATP carbon dioxide water

During the electron transport chain, the _________ uses the energy from moving ions to combine ADP and phosphate, forming high-energy ATP

ATP synthase

What is the name of the protein that binds ADP with phosphate to make ATP?

ATP synthase

What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Before entering the Krebs cycle, Pyruvate acid get broken into

Acetyl-CoA

What are ways in which cells use the energy provided by ATP? Active transport Passive transport Cell communication Muscle contraction

Active Transport Cell Communication Muscle Contraction

What is the composition of ATP? Adenine base Thymine base Cytosine base It is packed with 3 phosphates It is packed with 2 phosphates Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar

Adenine base It is packed with 3 phosphates Ribose sugar

What's one major reason human cells have evolved to depend on aerobic, and not anaerobic, respiration?

Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

How do we (humans) get ATP? Photosynthesis Anaerobic respiration Aerobic cellular respiration Fermentation

Anaerobic respiration Aerobic cellular respiration Fermentation

Organisms that can produce their own food are called

Autotroph

Which statements are true about the intermediate step? 2 FADH2 are produced Water is released Carbon dioxide is released 2 NADH are produced acetyl-CoA is converted to pyruvate This step takes place in the mitochondria The net yield is 2 ATP molecules pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA This step takes place in the cytoplasm

Carbon dioxide is released 2 NADH are produced This step takes place in the mitochondria pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA

What are the chemical products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is

Cellular respiration

Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle of plants and algae?

Chloroplast

Which organelle contains chlorophyll?

Chloroplast

Which cells in your body undergo cellular respiration?

Every cell in your body.

Which of the following are the reactants in the electron transport chain? Acetyl CoA water FADH2 carbon dioxide NADPH oxygen 32 ATP 2 ATP NADH

FADH2 oxygen NADH

True or False: ADP has 3 phosphate groups

False

True or False: Muscle soreness is the result of aerobic respiration.

False

True or False: Plants don't need oxygen for cellular respiration.

False

Where do cells get their energy to regenerate ATP?

Foods like glucose

The foods made by producers are carbohydrates, including a six-carbon sugar called

Glucose

What are the products of the Calvin cycle?

Glucose

Which statements are true about glycolysis? Glucose is converted into pyruvate This step takes place in the mitochondria 2 FADH2 are produced in glycolysis This step takes place in the cytoplasm Glucose is converted into acetyl-CoA 2 NADH are produced in glycolysis This step require oxygen The net yield in glycolysis is 4 ATP molecules This step is considered anaerobic

Glucose is converted into pyruvate This step takes place in the cytoplasm 2 NADH are produced in glycolysis This step is considered anaerobic

Just like alcohol fermentation, lactic acid start with

Glycolysis

Organisms that CANNOT make their own food are called

Heterotroph

Which of the following are true statements about alcohol fermentation? It is done by some types of yeast Carbon dioxide is a product 2 pyruvate is a product 2 lactate is product Can be done by muscles cells 2 ethanol is a product

It is done by some types of yeast Carbon dioxide is a product 2 ethanol is a product

In which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?

Light Dependent Reaction

Produce oxygen gas and covert ADP to ATP

Light dependent reactions

The initial reaction in photosynthesis are known collectively as the ___

Light-dependent

What is the major goal for aerobic cellular respiration?

Make ATP

Which of the following electron carriers are involve ONLY in cellular respiration? NAD+ Phosphate ADP FAD NADP+

NAD+ FAD

Which of the following is an electron carrier molecule involved in photosynthesis? water oxygen carbon dioxide NADP+

NADP+

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

NADPH, ATP, and Oxygen

ATP is an example of which macromolecule?

Nucleic Acids

What was the substance produced by the mint plant in Joseph Priestley's experiment?

Oxygen

Which product of the light reactions of photosynthesis is released and does not participate further in photosynthesis?

Oxygen

The products of photosynthesis are ... Oxygen Sunlight Water Sugars such as glucose Carbon dioxide

Oxygen Sugars such as glucose

Process in which plants use the energy of sunlight to make high-energy carbohydrates

Photosynthesis

The process by which autotrophs use sunlight to make high-energy sugars is called

Photosynthesis

A molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light and reflects other is called a __

Pigment

Which statements are true about plants? Plants make glucose in cellular respiration and they break it down in photosynthesis. Plants are heterotrophs Plants make glucose in photosynthesis and they break it down in cellular respiration. When a bean seed first germinates in the ground, it is able to do photosynthesis immediately Plants are autotrophs

Plants make glucose in photosynthesis and they break it down in cellular respiration. Plants are autotrophs

Which regions of the visible spectrum does chlorophyll absorbs light very well? Red region Green region Yellow region Blue-violet region

Red region Blue-violet region

The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll

Reflects green light

What are the parts of ATP? Cytosine Ribose Deoxyribose 3 Phosphate groups Adenine 2 Phosphate groups

Ribose 3 Phosphate groups Adenine

When would your cells be most likely to use fermentation instead of aerobic respiration?

Running away from a dog

The region outside the thylakoid membrane

Stroma

What substances do autotrophs use to make food?

Sunglight, CO2, and H20

Which of the following are the products in the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA NADPH carbon dioxide 32 ATP FADH2 water 2 ATP NADH oxygen

carbon dioxide FADH2 2 ATP NADH

Which of the following are pigments? carotenes lactase xanthophyll anthocyanins chlorophyll enzymes

carotenes xanthophyll anthocyanins chlorophyll

A pigment that absorbs blue and green light.

carotenoids

A runner needs more energy for a longer race. How does the body generate the necessary ATP?

cellular respiration

Principal pigment found in plants

chlorophyll

What is the principal pigment of plants? ___

chlorophyll

Absorbs violet, blue, and red light

chlorophyll a & chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the ______ of plant cells.

chloroplast

NADH and FADH2 are ____. They have the ability to transfer electrons, which will be very useful in making even more ATP later on.

coenzymes

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to

convert ADP to ATP

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

Which of the following are the products in alcohol fermentation? ethanol (alcohol) glucose NADH 34-36 ATP 2 ATP oxygen carbon dioxide 2 Pyruvate acids

ethanol (alcohol) 2 ATP carbon dioxide

The change from ATP losing its 3rd phosphate to become the more stable ADP is an _____ ____ and releases free energy.

exergonic reaction

_____ is a way to be able to handle the little to no oxygen issue. It allows for glycolysis to happen and for glycolysis to keep going.

fermentation

ATP is to your cells as ______ is to a car.

gasoline

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?

generate electrons for use in ETC

What is the product in the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)?

glucose

Which of the following are the reactants in cellular respiration? lactic acid water glucose ATP oxygen NADH 2 Pyruvate acids carbon dioxide

glucose oxygen

The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is known as

glycolysis

The electron transport chain takes place in the

inner membrane of Mitochondria

When a runner needs quick energy for a short race, what source can supply enough ATP for about 90 seconds?

lactic acid fermentation

________ is produced in your muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues. During this anaerobic process, it produces 2 ATP molecules and causes muscle soreness and cramps.

lactic acid fermentation

The human body can use all of the following as energy sources lactic acid fermentation glycolysis ATP in muscles alcohol fermentation

lactic acid fermentation glycolysis ATP in muscles

The Krebs cycle takes place in the

matrix of Mitochondria

So NADH to NAD+ is ____ because it loses electrons.

oxidized

While your muscles cells can do aerobic cellular respiration, they can shift to lactic acid fermentation if they experience an ___ debt.

oxygen

What are the products of the light dependent reactions? carbon dioxide oxygen ADP light (sunlight) sugars (glucose) NADPH water ATP

oxygen ATP NADPH

The process of _______ is necessary for plants to make sugars. This process also supplies organisms with the oxygen they need.

photosynthesis

Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called ____

pigments

Plants have light capturing molecules called ____.

pigments

Which of the following are autotrophs? rabbits humans mushrooms leopards plants

plants

Which organisms undergo photosynthesis?

producers

Which of the following are heterotrophs? monkeys rabbits plants mushrooms leopards humans

rabbits leopards mushrooms humans monkeys

The light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) happens in the

stroma

Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

stroma

Where does the energy of food originally come from?

sunlight

What are the reactants in photosynthesis? sunlight carbon monoxide oxygen water carbon dioxide sugars

sunlight water carbon dioxide

The light dependent reaction happens in the

thylakoids

What are the reactants of the light dependent reaction? oxygen sugars (glucose) NADPH water ATP carbon dioxide light (sunlight) ADP

water light (sunlight)

What are the reactants in the light dependent reaction? water carbon monoxide sunlight carbon dioxide glucose oxygen

water sunlight

Which statements are true about the Calvin Cycle? *The main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide molecules *Oxygen is a waste produce in the Calvin Cycle *Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere *The Calvin cycle uses six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule

*Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere *The Calvin cycle uses six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule

Overall, how much ATP is made in fermentation?

2

Which statements are true about the Krebs cycle? The net yield is 2 ATP molecules This step takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrial This step takes place in the cytoplasm It is considered an anaerobic process This step takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 6 NADH are produced It is considered an aerobic process The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle Water is released 2 FADH2 are produced 26-34 ATP molecules are produced Carbon dioxide is released

The net yield is 2 ATP molecules This step takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 6 NADH are produced It is considered an aerobic process The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle 2 FADH2 are produced Carbon dioxide is released

Which statements are true about the light-dependent reactions? They produce oxygen gas They convert oxygen into carbon dioxide They convert ADP into ATP They convert NADP+ into NADPH

They produce oxygen gas They convert ADP into ATP They convert NADP+ into NADPH

Which scientist concluded that most of a growing plant's mass comes from water?

Van Helmont

The reactants (requires) of photosynthesis are Sugars such as glucose Water Sunlight Carbon dioxide Oxygen

Water Sunlight Carbon dioxide

What are the reactants of the light-dependent reaction?

Water and Light

Because of the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be

aerobic

Which of the following cells can handle no oxygen? Archaea Muscle cells Yeast Bacteria

all of the above

Which organisms perform cellular respiration? Sea Turtle Tree Fungi Flower Bee protists

all of the above

Who of the following needs to make ATP? Fungi Bacteria Archaea Animals Protists Plants

all of the above

Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be

anaerobic