Chapter 8-9 Bio Calderon
The Krebs cycle involves ___ cycles
2
Which of the following are the products in glycolysis? glucose 2 Pyruvate acids oxygen 34-36 ATP 2 ATP ethanol (alcohol) NADH carbon dioxide
2 ATP NADH 2 Pyruvate acids
The net gain of energy from glycolysis is
2 ATP molecules
Which of the following are true statements about lactic acid fermentation? It is done by some types of yeast 2 pyruvate is a reactant 2 ethanol is a product 2 lactate is product Can be done by muscles cells Carbon dioxide is a product
2 pyruvate is a reactant 2 lactate is product Can be done by muscles cells
Which statements are true about the Electron Transport Chain, ETC? 26-34 ATP molecules are produced It is considered an aerobic process It is considered an anaerobic process 6 NADH are produced This step takes place in the cytoplasm This step takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrial 2 FADH2 are produced Water is released Carbon dioxide is released This step takes place in the mitochondrial matrix The net yield is 2 ATP molecules
26-34 ATP molecules are produced It is considered an aerobic process This step takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrial Water is released
Which of the following are the products in the electron transport chain? carbon dioxide 32 ATP FADH2 Acetyl CoA water NADH NADPH 2 ATP oxygen
32 ATP water
What is the total number ATP molecules formed during cellular respiration?
36
ATP is synthesized by adding a phosphate group to ____.
ADP
In cells, the energy available in food is used to make an energy-rich compound called
ATP
One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is
ATP
The energy storage molecule used by most organism is called
ATP
What are the reactants of the Calvin Cycle? light (sunlight) ATP water sugars (glucose) NADPH carbon dioxide ADP oxygen
ATP NADPH carbon dioxide
Which of the following are the products in cellular respiration? ATP lactic acid oxygen glucose carbon dioxide water 2 Pyruvate acids NADH
ATP carbon dioxide water
During the electron transport chain, the _________ uses the energy from moving ions to combine ADP and phosphate, forming high-energy ATP
ATP synthase
What is the name of the protein that binds ADP with phosphate to make ATP?
ATP synthase
What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?
ATP, NADPH, CO2
Before entering the Krebs cycle, Pyruvate acid get broken into
Acetyl-CoA
What are ways in which cells use the energy provided by ATP? Active transport Passive transport Cell communication Muscle contraction
Active Transport Cell Communication Muscle Contraction
What is the composition of ATP? Adenine base Thymine base Cytosine base It is packed with 3 phosphates It is packed with 2 phosphates Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
Adenine base It is packed with 3 phosphates Ribose sugar
What's one major reason human cells have evolved to depend on aerobic, and not anaerobic, respiration?
Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration
How do we (humans) get ATP? Photosynthesis Anaerobic respiration Aerobic cellular respiration Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration Aerobic cellular respiration Fermentation
Organisms that can produce their own food are called
Autotroph
Which statements are true about the intermediate step? 2 FADH2 are produced Water is released Carbon dioxide is released 2 NADH are produced acetyl-CoA is converted to pyruvate This step takes place in the mitochondria The net yield is 2 ATP molecules pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA This step takes place in the cytoplasm
Carbon dioxide is released 2 NADH are produced This step takes place in the mitochondria pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA
What are the chemical products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle of plants and algae?
Chloroplast
Which organelle contains chlorophyll?
Chloroplast
Which cells in your body undergo cellular respiration?
Every cell in your body.
Which of the following are the reactants in the electron transport chain? Acetyl CoA water FADH2 carbon dioxide NADPH oxygen 32 ATP 2 ATP NADH
FADH2 oxygen NADH
True or False: ADP has 3 phosphate groups
False
True or False: Muscle soreness is the result of aerobic respiration.
False
True or False: Plants don't need oxygen for cellular respiration.
False
Where do cells get their energy to regenerate ATP?
Foods like glucose
The foods made by producers are carbohydrates, including a six-carbon sugar called
Glucose
What are the products of the Calvin cycle?
Glucose
Which statements are true about glycolysis? Glucose is converted into pyruvate This step takes place in the mitochondria 2 FADH2 are produced in glycolysis This step takes place in the cytoplasm Glucose is converted into acetyl-CoA 2 NADH are produced in glycolysis This step require oxygen The net yield in glycolysis is 4 ATP molecules This step is considered anaerobic
Glucose is converted into pyruvate This step takes place in the cytoplasm 2 NADH are produced in glycolysis This step is considered anaerobic
Just like alcohol fermentation, lactic acid start with
Glycolysis
Organisms that CANNOT make their own food are called
Heterotroph
Which of the following are true statements about alcohol fermentation? It is done by some types of yeast Carbon dioxide is a product 2 pyruvate is a product 2 lactate is product Can be done by muscles cells 2 ethanol is a product
It is done by some types of yeast Carbon dioxide is a product 2 ethanol is a product
In which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?
Light Dependent Reaction
Produce oxygen gas and covert ADP to ATP
Light dependent reactions
The initial reaction in photosynthesis are known collectively as the ___
Light-dependent
What is the major goal for aerobic cellular respiration?
Make ATP
Which of the following electron carriers are involve ONLY in cellular respiration? NAD+ Phosphate ADP FAD NADP+
NAD+ FAD
Which of the following is an electron carrier molecule involved in photosynthesis? water oxygen carbon dioxide NADP+
NADP+
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
NADPH, ATP, and Oxygen
ATP is an example of which macromolecule?
Nucleic Acids
What was the substance produced by the mint plant in Joseph Priestley's experiment?
Oxygen
Which product of the light reactions of photosynthesis is released and does not participate further in photosynthesis?
Oxygen
The products of photosynthesis are ... Oxygen Sunlight Water Sugars such as glucose Carbon dioxide
Oxygen Sugars such as glucose
Process in which plants use the energy of sunlight to make high-energy carbohydrates
Photosynthesis
The process by which autotrophs use sunlight to make high-energy sugars is called
Photosynthesis
A molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light and reflects other is called a __
Pigment
Which statements are true about plants? Plants make glucose in cellular respiration and they break it down in photosynthesis. Plants are heterotrophs Plants make glucose in photosynthesis and they break it down in cellular respiration. When a bean seed first germinates in the ground, it is able to do photosynthesis immediately Plants are autotrophs
Plants make glucose in photosynthesis and they break it down in cellular respiration. Plants are autotrophs
Which regions of the visible spectrum does chlorophyll absorbs light very well? Red region Green region Yellow region Blue-violet region
Red region Blue-violet region
The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll
Reflects green light
What are the parts of ATP? Cytosine Ribose Deoxyribose 3 Phosphate groups Adenine 2 Phosphate groups
Ribose 3 Phosphate groups Adenine
When would your cells be most likely to use fermentation instead of aerobic respiration?
Running away from a dog
The region outside the thylakoid membrane
Stroma
What substances do autotrophs use to make food?
Sunglight, CO2, and H20
Which of the following are the products in the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA NADPH carbon dioxide 32 ATP FADH2 water 2 ATP NADH oxygen
carbon dioxide FADH2 2 ATP NADH
Which of the following are pigments? carotenes lactase xanthophyll anthocyanins chlorophyll enzymes
carotenes xanthophyll anthocyanins chlorophyll
A pigment that absorbs blue and green light.
carotenoids
A runner needs more energy for a longer race. How does the body generate the necessary ATP?
cellular respiration
Principal pigment found in plants
chlorophyll
What is the principal pigment of plants? ___
chlorophyll
Absorbs violet, blue, and red light
chlorophyll a & chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the ______ of plant cells.
chloroplast
NADH and FADH2 are ____. They have the ability to transfer electrons, which will be very useful in making even more ATP later on.
coenzymes
The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to
convert ADP to ATP
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
Which of the following are the products in alcohol fermentation? ethanol (alcohol) glucose NADH 34-36 ATP 2 ATP oxygen carbon dioxide 2 Pyruvate acids
ethanol (alcohol) 2 ATP carbon dioxide
The change from ATP losing its 3rd phosphate to become the more stable ADP is an _____ ____ and releases free energy.
exergonic reaction
_____ is a way to be able to handle the little to no oxygen issue. It allows for glycolysis to happen and for glycolysis to keep going.
fermentation
ATP is to your cells as ______ is to a car.
gasoline
What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?
generate electrons for use in ETC
What is the product in the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)?
glucose
Which of the following are the reactants in cellular respiration? lactic acid water glucose ATP oxygen NADH 2 Pyruvate acids carbon dioxide
glucose oxygen
The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is known as
glycolysis
The electron transport chain takes place in the
inner membrane of Mitochondria
When a runner needs quick energy for a short race, what source can supply enough ATP for about 90 seconds?
lactic acid fermentation
________ is produced in your muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues. During this anaerobic process, it produces 2 ATP molecules and causes muscle soreness and cramps.
lactic acid fermentation
The human body can use all of the following as energy sources lactic acid fermentation glycolysis ATP in muscles alcohol fermentation
lactic acid fermentation glycolysis ATP in muscles
The Krebs cycle takes place in the
matrix of Mitochondria
So NADH to NAD+ is ____ because it loses electrons.
oxidized
While your muscles cells can do aerobic cellular respiration, they can shift to lactic acid fermentation if they experience an ___ debt.
oxygen
What are the products of the light dependent reactions? carbon dioxide oxygen ADP light (sunlight) sugars (glucose) NADPH water ATP
oxygen ATP NADPH
The process of _______ is necessary for plants to make sugars. This process also supplies organisms with the oxygen they need.
photosynthesis
Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called ____
pigments
Plants have light capturing molecules called ____.
pigments
Which of the following are autotrophs? rabbits humans mushrooms leopards plants
plants
Which organisms undergo photosynthesis?
producers
Which of the following are heterotrophs? monkeys rabbits plants mushrooms leopards humans
rabbits leopards mushrooms humans monkeys
The light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) happens in the
stroma
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?
stroma
Where does the energy of food originally come from?
sunlight
What are the reactants in photosynthesis? sunlight carbon monoxide oxygen water carbon dioxide sugars
sunlight water carbon dioxide
The light dependent reaction happens in the
thylakoids
What are the reactants of the light dependent reaction? oxygen sugars (glucose) NADPH water ATP carbon dioxide light (sunlight) ADP
water light (sunlight)
What are the reactants in the light dependent reaction? water carbon monoxide sunlight carbon dioxide glucose oxygen
water sunlight
Which statements are true about the Calvin Cycle? *The main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide molecules *Oxygen is a waste produce in the Calvin Cycle *Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere *The Calvin cycle uses six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule
*Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere *The Calvin cycle uses six molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule
Overall, how much ATP is made in fermentation?
2
Which statements are true about the Krebs cycle? The net yield is 2 ATP molecules This step takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrial This step takes place in the cytoplasm It is considered an anaerobic process This step takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 6 NADH are produced It is considered an aerobic process The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle Water is released 2 FADH2 are produced 26-34 ATP molecules are produced Carbon dioxide is released
The net yield is 2 ATP molecules This step takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 6 NADH are produced It is considered an aerobic process The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle 2 FADH2 are produced Carbon dioxide is released
Which statements are true about the light-dependent reactions? They produce oxygen gas They convert oxygen into carbon dioxide They convert ADP into ATP They convert NADP+ into NADPH
They produce oxygen gas They convert ADP into ATP They convert NADP+ into NADPH
Which scientist concluded that most of a growing plant's mass comes from water?
Van Helmont
The reactants (requires) of photosynthesis are Sugars such as glucose Water Sunlight Carbon dioxide Oxygen
Water Sunlight Carbon dioxide
What are the reactants of the light-dependent reaction?
Water and Light
Because of the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be
aerobic
Which of the following cells can handle no oxygen? Archaea Muscle cells Yeast Bacteria
all of the above
Which organisms perform cellular respiration? Sea Turtle Tree Fungi Flower Bee protists
all of the above
Who of the following needs to make ATP? Fungi Bacteria Archaea Animals Protists Plants
all of the above
Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be
anaerobic
