chapter 8

Transposons

"jumping genes

Which of the following is an example of a palindrome?

5'-AAGCTT-3' 3'-TTCGAA-5'

spontaneous mutation

A change in DNA sequence arising from errors in replication that occur randomly

Which of these statements is true about transduction?

A virus is required for transfer of genetic material.

All of the following are complementary nucleotide base pairs

C-G. A-U. T-A.

Which one of the following is a method of vertical gene transmission?

Cell division

The polymerase chain reaction is a method of

DNA amplification

Palindromes

DNA sequence that reads the same in both directions

introns.

Eukaryotic mRNA contain non-coding regions

Mutations are always harmful to cells

FALSE

Translation is the first stage of gene expression.

FALSE

Which one of the following would be the most likely to yield a recombinant cell after mating?

Hfr cell and F- cell

The major source of the genetic diversity among microorganisms upon which natural selection operates is:

Mutation

The processes of transcription and translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the following way

Prokaryotes transcribe and translate simultaneously

conjugation.

Sexual reproduction in which a plasmid, or other genetic material, is transferred by a donor to a recipient cell via a direct connection is termed

transformation.

Some bacteria are capable of obtaining DNA from the environment, which is problematic with antibiotic resistance genes. When a competent cell takes in DNA from outside of the cell,

translation.

Synthesizing amino acid sequences from messenger RNA

Codons of mRNA temporarily bond to anticodons of tRNA during translation.

TRUE

Hfr cells transfer genes to recipient cells in a particular order

TRUE

In prokaryotes, translation of an mRNA molecule can begin before transcription of the mRNA molecule is completed.

TRUE

Palindromes are sequences of DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one strand of DNA and from the 5' to 3' direction on the other strand.

TRUE

nucleotide

The basic unit of DNA structure.

Consider the polypeptide sequence encoded by the following DNA: TACAAAGAAATT If base number 6 is changed to G, how will this affect the polypeptide

There will be no change in the polypeptide

All of these statements are true about DNA replication

a)DNA ligase joins the small DNA fragments of the lagging strand. b)DNA polymerase is required to add new nucleotides to the growing ends of the DNA strands. c)RNA polymerase synthesizes the primers.

All of these statements are true of plasmids

a)They may encode genes that enhance the pathogenicity of an organism b)They are small, circular molecules of DNA that can carry genes for heavy metal resistance. c)They can be transferred between bacteria during conjugation. d)They may contain antibiotic resistance genes.

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which cut DNA at a specific palindromic sequence. They are produced

by bacteria to protect against viral infection

In E. coli, Hfr cells

can pass main chromosome genes to a recipient cell.

All of the following are true regarding eukaryotic chromosomes

chromosomes vary in number from a few to hundreds. chromosomes can occur in pairs or singles. the DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins

Messenger RNA

contains the codes for the sequence of amino acids in protein.

Most amino acids are encoded by several different codons. This is referred to as the ____of the genetic code.

degeneracy

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments using

electric current

Identify the purine

guanine(Purines (two rings) - adenine, guanin)

The transfer of genetic information between organisms through processes such as transduction or conjugation is called _____gene transfer

horizontal

The matching nucleotide base pairs in DNA are bound to one another by

hydrogen bonds

chromosome

is a discrete cellular structure composed of an elongated DNA molecule.

phenotype

is the physical expression of the genes present, and can change depending upon what genes are turned "on".

Codons are found in

mRNA

During recombinant DNA technology, DNA is inserted into a vector. Identify a vector :

plasmid

To begin transcription, the RNA polymerase binds a region on DNA known as the

promoter

DNA fragments separate on an electrophoresis gel with the

smallest segments traveling furthest

When a restriction enzyme makes a staggered cut across a strand of DNA, this is known as a

sticky end.

The DNA code for a protein (i.e. a codon) occurs in groups of

three bases

Small stretches of DNA that can move within a genome are referred to as

transposons

DNA replication involves all of these steps

unzipping hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. synthesizing new DNA matching complementary base pairs. uncoiling parent DNA.