chapter 8
Transposons
"jumping genes
Which of the following is an example of a palindrome?
5'-AAGCTT-3' 3'-TTCGAA-5'
spontaneous mutation
A change in DNA sequence arising from errors in replication that occur randomly
Which of these statements is true about transduction?
A virus is required for transfer of genetic material.
All of the following are complementary nucleotide base pairs
C-G. A-U. T-A.
Which one of the following is a method of vertical gene transmission?
Cell division
The polymerase chain reaction is a method of
DNA amplification
Palindromes
DNA sequence that reads the same in both directions
introns.
Eukaryotic mRNA contain non-coding regions
Mutations are always harmful to cells
FALSE
Translation is the first stage of gene expression.
FALSE
Which one of the following would be the most likely to yield a recombinant cell after mating?
Hfr cell and F- cell
The major source of the genetic diversity among microorganisms upon which natural selection operates is:
Mutation
The processes of transcription and translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the following way
Prokaryotes transcribe and translate simultaneously
conjugation.
Sexual reproduction in which a plasmid, or other genetic material, is transferred by a donor to a recipient cell via a direct connection is termed
transformation.
Some bacteria are capable of obtaining DNA from the environment, which is problematic with antibiotic resistance genes. When a competent cell takes in DNA from outside of the cell,
translation.
Synthesizing amino acid sequences from messenger RNA
Codons of mRNA temporarily bond to anticodons of tRNA during translation.
TRUE
Hfr cells transfer genes to recipient cells in a particular order
TRUE
In prokaryotes, translation of an mRNA molecule can begin before transcription of the mRNA molecule is completed.
TRUE
Palindromes are sequences of DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one strand of DNA and from the 5' to 3' direction on the other strand.
TRUE
nucleotide
The basic unit of DNA structure.
Consider the polypeptide sequence encoded by the following DNA: TACAAAGAAATT If base number 6 is changed to G, how will this affect the polypeptide
There will be no change in the polypeptide
All of these statements are true about DNA replication
a)DNA ligase joins the small DNA fragments of the lagging strand. b)DNA polymerase is required to add new nucleotides to the growing ends of the DNA strands. c)RNA polymerase synthesizes the primers.
All of these statements are true of plasmids
a)They may encode genes that enhance the pathogenicity of an organism b)They are small, circular molecules of DNA that can carry genes for heavy metal resistance. c)They can be transferred between bacteria during conjugation. d)They may contain antibiotic resistance genes.
Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which cut DNA at a specific palindromic sequence. They are produced
by bacteria to protect against viral infection
In E. coli, Hfr cells
can pass main chromosome genes to a recipient cell.
All of the following are true regarding eukaryotic chromosomes
chromosomes vary in number from a few to hundreds. chromosomes can occur in pairs or singles. the DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins
Messenger RNA
contains the codes for the sequence of amino acids in protein.
Most amino acids are encoded by several different codons. This is referred to as the ____of the genetic code.
degeneracy
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments using
electric current
Identify the purine
guanine(Purines (two rings) - adenine, guanin)
The transfer of genetic information between organisms through processes such as transduction or conjugation is called _____gene transfer
horizontal
The matching nucleotide base pairs in DNA are bound to one another by
hydrogen bonds
chromosome
is a discrete cellular structure composed of an elongated DNA molecule.
phenotype
is the physical expression of the genes present, and can change depending upon what genes are turned "on".
Codons are found in
mRNA
During recombinant DNA technology, DNA is inserted into a vector. Identify a vector :
plasmid
To begin transcription, the RNA polymerase binds a region on DNA known as the
promoter
DNA fragments separate on an electrophoresis gel with the
smallest segments traveling furthest
When a restriction enzyme makes a staggered cut across a strand of DNA, this is known as a
sticky end.
The DNA code for a protein (i.e. a codon) occurs in groups of
three bases
Small stretches of DNA that can move within a genome are referred to as
transposons
DNA replication involves all of these steps
unzipping hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. synthesizing new DNA matching complementary base pairs. uncoiling parent DNA.