Chapter 8

22. Which term is used for a standard of measurement in quality management? a. milestone b. metric c. merge d. matrix

b. metric

28. What are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users? a. features b. outputs c. yields d. metrics

a. features

34. Which process correct(s) or prevent(s) quality problems based on quality control measurements? a. process adjustments b. rework c. acceptance decisions d. decomposition

a. process adjustments

41. During which phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram used? a. define b. measure c. analyze d. improve

c. analyze

31. Which addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product? a. reliability b. performance c. maintainability d. functionality

c. maintainability

46. Which testing involves an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system? a. integration b. unit c. user acceptance d. system

c. user acceptance

24. Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of which project quality management stage? a. initiating b. closing c. benchmarking d. managing

d. managing

23. Which process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling? a. quality planning b. quality certification c. quality assurance d. quality control

d. quality control

4. Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process. a. True b. False

a. True

6. Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects. a. True b. False

a. True

8. Products that are accepted by project stakeholders are considered to be validated deliverables. a. True b. False

a. True

19. Which term is used when the project's processes and products meet written specifications? a. conformance to requirements b. fitness for use c. project feasibility d benchmarking

a. conformance to requirements

43. What term is used for any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements? a. defect b. yield c. deliverable d. variance

a. defect

40. Which phase of the DMAIC process includes tools such as a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data? a. define b. measure c. analyze d. improve

a. define

26. Which technique helps identify variables that have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process? a. design of experiments b. backward pass c. activity-on-arrow d. crashing

a. design of experiments

30. What term is used for the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions? a. reliability b. performance c. maintainability d. functionality

a. reliability

37. Which process involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection? a. statistical sampling b. conformance c. system testing d. fitness for use

a. statistical sampling

12. The term sigma means median. a. True b. False

b. False

13. Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development. a. True b. False

b. False

14. Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. a. True b. False

b. False

16. DeMarco and Lister's study on organizations and productivity found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary. a. True b. False

b. False

17. Frameworks for helping organizations improve their processes and systems are called Six Sigma charts. a. True b. False

b. False

18. Gantt charts cannot be used to aid project quality management. a. True b. False

b. False

3. The design of experiments technique cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs. a. True b. False

b. False

5. Reliability is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under unusual conditions. a. True b. False

b. False

7. Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits. a. True b. False

b. False

9. A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence. a. True b. False

b. False

50. Which system involves a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization? a. Seven run rule b. ISO 9000 c. Six Sigma d. ASQ

b. ISO 9000

36. Which chart helps users identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system? a. Gantt b. Pareto c. control d. tracking Gantt

b. Pareto

51. What cost is the price of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range? a. prevention cost b. appraisal cost c. internal failure cost d. external failure cost

b. appraisal cost

20. Which term is used for the ability of a product to be used as it was intended? a. conformance to requirements b. fitness for use c. critical chain scheduling d. free slack

b. fitness for use

42. What term is used for a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed)? a. skewed distribution b. normal distribution c. bimodal distribution d. degenerate distribution

b. normal distribution

29. Which addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use? a. reliability b. performance c. maintainability d. functionality

b. performance

21. The main outputs of which process are a quality management plan, quality metrics, project management plan updates, and project documents updates? a. controlling quality b. planning quality management c. quality certification d. performing quality assurance

b. planning quality management

33. Which process is an action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations? a. process adjustment b. rework c. acceptance decision d. validation

b. rework

44. Which is a measure of quality control equal to one fault in one million opportunities problems? a. ISO 9000 b. six 9s of quality rule c. seven run rule d. Six Sigma rule

b. six 9s of quality rule

45. Which test is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible? a. integration b. unit c. user acceptance d. system

b. unit

25. Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the ____ subprocess of project quality management. a. initiating b. closing c. controlling d. executing

c. controlling

32. What process is used to generate ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization? a. prototyping b. systems thinking c. mind mapping d. benchmarking

d. benchmarking

35. Which graphic display of data illustrates the results of a process over time? a. statistical sampling chart b. Pareto chart c. Six Sigma chart d. control chart

d. control chart

52. Which term is used for a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer? a. prevention cost b. appraisal cost c. internal failure cost d. external failure cost

d. external failure cost

27. Which term is used for the degree to which a system performs its intended function? a. reliability b. validity c. maintainability d. functionality

d. functionality

39. Which five-phase improvement process do projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow? a. DMAIC b. weighted scoring model c. configuration management d. use case modeling

a. DMAIC

1. Managing quality includes all of the quality assurance activities plus product design and process improvements. a. True b. False

a. True

10. Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles. a. True b. False

a. True

11. The Six Sigma approach works best for a project where a quality problem is identified between the current and desired performance. a. True b. False

a. True

15. In TQC, product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs. a. True b. False

a. True

2. Change requests and verified deliverables are the outputs of the controlling quality process. a. True b. False

a. True