Chapter 8

f a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be: A)"Don't: Nutraceuticals don't work." B)"Black cohosh should help with practically any kind of mood disorder." C)"Melatonin is effective only with severe depression." D)"St. John's wort can be very helpful for mild or moderate cases of depression."

A)"Don't: Nutraceuticals don't work."

A therapist is treating a client with severe depression using only behavioral activation techniques. How beneficial do you expect this treatment to be? A)It will have limited effectiveness. B)It will be as effective as any other nondrug treatment. C)It will be as effective as all other treatments. D)It will be more effective than most other treatments.

A)It will have limited effectiveness.

How can publication bias affect people's perceptions about the effectiveness of antidepressant drug therapy for unipolar depression? A)Studies that have positive findings are more likely to be published, which could result in an overstated effectiveness. B)Studies conducted by men are more likely to be published, potentially creating a gender bias in the findings. C)Studies may not include representative samples from various races and ethnicities. D)Study findings that are repeated, and reported in multiple articles, are given greater weight than other studies.

A)Studies that have positive findings are more likely to be published, which could result in an overstated effectiveness.

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they are just as effective as tricyclics and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is: A)accurate. B)partially accurate; the newest medications are just as effective as tricyclics but they do require dietary restrictions. C)partially accurate; the newest medications are more effective than tricyclics and do not require dietary restrictions. D)inaccurate.

A)accurate.

José is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his partner. In short, José should increase his positive activity. His therapist has MOST likely adopted the _____ orientation. A)cognitive-behavioral B)psychodynamic C)humanistic D)interpersonal

A)cognitive-behavioral

When the teams of Turner and Kirch accounted for publication bias, they found that the actual effectiveness of antidepressants was: A)less than what was originally reported. B)about the same as originally reported. C)higher than reported for certain ethnic groups. D)higher than reported for all groups.

A)less than what was originally reported.

A person experiencing unipolar depression writes in an activity schedule, "Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." Which type of treatment is this person MOST likely receiving? A)Psychodynamic therapy B)Cognitive therapy C)Interpersonal therapy D)Adjunctive therapy

B)Cognitive therapy

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered a sociocultural approach? A)Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations. B)Depression is thought to result from individual pathology. C)Depression is thought to be best treated within the family and in the real world rather than in the clinic. D)Depression is thought to be best treated by use of a multidisciplinary treatment team.

B)Depression is thought to result from individual pathology.

A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug? A)Nothing much—the drug works specifically on manic episodes. B)The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes. C)The person might experience an initial intensification of depressive episodes, followed by a return to the usual intensity. D)The person probably would develop unipolar depression.

B)The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes.

Why would a cognitive therapist have clients keep records of instances when they tell themselves, "I can't do anything right" and "Nobody will ever love me again"? A)To teach clients how to avoid situations in which these thoughts occur B)To help clients understand that these thoughts are probably baseless C)To identify the early traumatic experiences that created these thoughts D)To motivate clients to persist in the face of adversity

B)To help clients understand that these thoughts are probably baseless

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with: A)ECT. B)a mood-stabilizing drug. C)imipramine. D)tranquilizers.

B)a mood-stabilizing drug.

The BEST evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from: A)work with people who have severe depression. B)case study reports. C)large-scale research projects conducted by the APA. D)situations when the childhood loss is less obvious.

B)case study reports.

Beck's cognitive therapy is to _____, as acceptance and commitment therapy is to_____. A)changing maladaptive attitudes; changing maladaptive behaviors B)changing negative cognitions; accepting negative cognitions C)four phases of treatment; three phases of treatment D)use of psychotherapy; use of antidepressants

B)changing negative cognitions; accepting negative cognitions

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure because of: A)the introduction of antipsychotic medications. B)the likelihood of causing broken bones and dislocated joints. C)the trend toward using bilateral shocks rather than unilateral shocks. D)better results from using insulin.

B)the likelihood of causing broken bones and dislocated joints.

Destiny was taking a tricyclic to treat her unipolar depression. Upon resolution of her depressive symptoms, Destiny immediately stopped taking her tricyclic. How likely is it that she will experience a relapse? A)Very low; the relapse rate in this situation is less than 8 percent. B)Low; the relapse rate in this situation is approximately 15 percent. C)High; the relapse rate in this situation is approximately 50 percent. D)Very high; the relapse rate in this situation is almost 80 percent.

C)High; the relapse rate in this situation is approximately 50 percent.

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression? A)Increasing activities and elevating mood B)Challenging automatic thoughts C)Identifying negative thinking and biases D)Changing primary attitudes

C)Identifying negative thinking and biases

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of_____ to the treatment of depression. A)business principles B)role playing C)Reinforcement D)imitation (modeling)

C)Reinforcement

Based on current research, what is the BEST recommendation about therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression? A)There is really no difference in treatment effectiveness among adults and adolescents. B)Avoid drug therapy because of the side effects for adolescents. C)Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. D)Focus on the brain stimulation treatments—ECT, in particular.

C)Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

The mechanism of action of imipramine is to: A)destroy monoamine oxidase. B)mimic the action of norepinephrine and serotonin. C)block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. D)block the receptor sites for norepinephrine and serotonin on postsynaptic neurons.

C)block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Based on current research, the treatment recommended for someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: A)drug therapy combined with brain stimulation. B)primarily cognitive-behavioral or psychodynamic. C)drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. D)no therapy; no approach has been shown to be effect

C)drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.

Violet has withdrawn from most social contacts because she never seems to be able to say the right thing. She just doesn't seem to fit in, and her comments are always misinterpreted. She feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A)interpersonal loss. B)interpersonal role transition. C)interpersonal deficit. D)interpersonal role dispute.

C)interpersonal deficit.

If you are a member of a minority, you are: A)more likely to receive antidepressant medication. B)likely to receive therapy with a culturally sensitive focus. C)likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy. D)unlikely to be affected by economic pressures and a minority identity.

C)likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.

A friend tells you she has been diagnosed with depression and has started interpersonal therapy. However, she thinks cognitive-behavioral therapy or couple therapy may be more helpful. Based on research, which response is MOST accurate? A)"Since you are married, you would definitely benefit from couple therapy. It is most likely to be effective for you." B)"Once you have started a treatment regimen, it is best to stick with it." C)"No one treatment is better than the others; they are all equally effective and will work for you." D)"All three treatments can be effective. If you have significant marital issues, then couple therapy might have added value."

D)"All three treatments can be effective. If you have significant marital issues, then couple therapy might have added value."

Which is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy? A)A patient is taking a mood stabilizer along with an SSRI. B)The child of someone with unipolar depression is given a vaccine against depression (if such a vaccine existed). C)Both members of a couple are being treated for depression. D)A patient is both receiving drug therapy and undergoing interpersonal therapy with his or her family.

D)A patient is both receiving drug therapy and undergoing interpersonal therapy with his or her family.

Psychological approaches to treating depression share which assumption? A)Depression is a physical problem that should be treated with medication. B)Depression should be treated by changing how people interact with family members and loved ones. C)Depression stems from what one has learned in the past, so it should be treated by "unlearning" maladaptive behaviors. D)Depression should be treated by helping people recognize, interpret, evaluate, and change how they think about and respond to past losses.

D)Depression should be treated by helping people recognize, interpret, evaluate, and change how they think about and respond to past losses.

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common? A)They are used primarily to treat persons with mild forms of depression. B)Despite early promise, they have proved not to be effective treatments for depression. C)They are usually tried before medications to avoid medication-induced side effects. D)Research on their use suggests that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

D)Research on their use suggests that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that: A)no more than one or two treatments appear to be effective in the treatment of depression. B)no matter which other treatment is used, drug treatment is essential and should be tried first. C)all treatments are equally effective in treating depression. D)cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are all effective treatments.

D)cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are all effective treatments.

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing: A)premarital instructional therapy. B)psychoeducational therapy. C)role transition therapy. D)integrative behavioral couples therapy.

D)integrative behavioral couples therapy.

Cognitive-behavioral therapists would be MOST likely to say that people with depression must improve their social skills because: A)the performance of socially unacceptable behavior is irrational. B)it is important to reinforce the client's depressive behavior. C)people with depression may be experiencing interpersonal role transition. D)positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

D)positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

The key to long-term treatment of depression is: A)family support. B)some sort of brain stimulation. C)cognitive therapy. D)some sort of maintenance therapy.

D)some sort of maintenance therapy.