Chapter 8 APES

Biome Average Annual Rainfall Average Monthly Temperature A Less than 50 cm 25-33 oC B Over 250 cm 5-29 oC Biome A could be a Tropical Rain Forest Biome B could be a Temperate Rain Forest Biome A could support a high degree of vegetative diversity Biome B could support low vegetative abundance both Biome A could be a Tropical Rain Forest and Biome B could support a high degree of vegetative diversity

Biome B could be a Temperate Rain Forest

All of the following statements are TRUE about Biotic Provinces EXCEPT: Biotic Provinces constitute major biogeographic areas. Biotic Provinces is another name for Wallace's Realms. Biotic Provinces form mating boundaries that organisms must cross in order to reproduce. Biotic Provinces contain organisms that share a common genetic heritage. Biotic Provinces contain organisms that have evolved and adapted in the same place for a long time.

Biotic Provinces form mating boundaries that organisms must cross in order to reproduce.

The father of the modern taxonomy of plants is: J. Lovelock P. Kalm C. Linneaus C. Darwin R. Carson

C. Linneaus

Which of the following is true about islands compared to larger landmasses or continents? I.Islands have fewer species than continents II.Islands have a greater species diversity III.Islands have smaller extinction rates II only I only III only I, II, and III I and II only

I only

Which of the following is not a biome? Taiga Mangrove forest Tundra Intertidal Areas Wetlands

Mangrove forest

Which biome contains some of Earth's largest remaining wilderness areas with moose, deer, wolves, bears, migratory birds and spruces, firs, pine trees? Taiga or Boreal forests Temperate rain forests Wetlands Temperate Grasslands Tundra

Taiga or Boreal forests

The biome that included the great North American prairies and originally covered more land in central United States than any other biome is the: Temperate woodland Tropical rain forest Temperate grassland Temperate shrubland Taiga

Temperate grassland

A biome located at a high altitude would most resemble a biome located at: a tropical island a low altitude a high latitude a low latitude the equator

a high latitude

The biome(s) that has/have fire as a natural recurring feature include: boreal forest temperate deciduous forest temperate grassland temperate woodlands, all of the above

all of the above

Knowledge of biogeography such as predicting what will grow where, based on climatic similarity, has been used most effectively for: aesthetic enhancement of environments economic benefits from commercial production moving species around between biomes understanding how people affect life on Earth all of these

all of these

Which of the following are generalizations we can make about species diversity on islands? the farther away an island is from a continent, the fewer species it will have. the smaller the island, the fewer the species, on average islands have fewer species than continents sources of new species on an island are migration and evolution all of these

all of these

The Taiga or Boreal Forests cannot support carnivorous land birds (owls & eagles) cannot tolerate fires are well suited for conversion to farmland have no commercial or recreational value to humans are dominated by conifers and large mammals (moose, deer, wolves, & bears)

are dominated by conifers and large mammals (moose, deer, wolves, & bears)

Temperate deciduous forests are valued economically for their hardwood trees used in furniture construction are composed mainly of trees that bear seeds in cones do not have fires as natural recurring features are located in remote, inaccessible regions occur in extremely cold climates

are valued economically for their hardwood trees used in furniture construction

There are large mammals in arctic tundra but not in alpine tundra. What could explain this? artic tundra habitat are at high elevations while alpine tundra is found at high latitudes artic tundra is warmer and alpine tundra colder and harsher artic tundra has permafrost while alpine tundra do not artic tundra cover large territories while alpine tundra occupy small, isolated areas artic tundra support prey for mammals while alpine tundra support predators of mammals

artic tundra cover large territories while alpine tundra occupy small, isolated areas

__________ refers to the bottom of the ocean. fresh waters hydrothermal vents benthos wetlands intertidal

benthos

The geographic distribution of living things is called: biotic province biosphere biogeography biogeographic province biome

biogeography

The large-scale, global patterns of geographic distribution of living things is divergent evolution biome taxonomy biogeography biosphere

biogeography

A large, distinct ecosystem characterized by a similar climate, soil, plant, and animals, regardless of where it occurs on Earth is a: seasonal territory food chain biosphere biological community biome

biome

A major ecological community characterized by a dominant vegetation type is called a(n): biosphere biogeography biotic province biogeographic province biome

biome

The close relationship between climate, soils, and life forms that lead to biogeographic patterns of ecosystems worldwide, define the concept of biological diversity ocean communities photosynthesis biomes food webs

biomes

Which of the following terms refers to a region that is inhabited by a characteristic set of taxa, with boundaries that prevent the spread of the distinctive kinds of life to other regions and the immigration of foreign species? biogeographic province biome biotic province biosphere biogeography

biotic province

Where environment is relatively constant, species _______, however where environment varies greatly, each species _______. 1) become generalists / become specialists. 2) become specialists / become generalists. 3) divide the environment into many niches / compete for fewer available niches. 3 both 2 and 3 both 1 and 3 1 2

both 2 and 3

What do real islands in oceans have in common with ecological islands? both maintain high species diversity both are small habitats separated from a major habitat of the same kind. both tend to display increase in rate at which species are added both are in a constant state of environmental stress both both maintain high species diversity and both tend to display increase in rate at which species are added

both are small habitats separated from a major habitat of the same kind.

Climate correlates with biological productivity. Warm, wet climates favor high vegetative production low rates of vegetative production biological diversity biological uniformity both high vegetative production and biological diversity

both high vegetative production and biological diversity

Why were exotic species of plants introduced to European gardens during the eighteenth century? people sought to beautify native vegetation with flowering trees & shrubs from the New World. the new species were needed to introduce variation into the gene pool of declining European species. people knew the introduction of exotic species could cause no environmental harm. the climate was suitable both people sought to beautify native vegetation with flowering trees & shrubs from the New World and the climate was suitable

both people sought to beautify native vegetation with flowering trees & shrubs from the New World and the climate was suitable

Island biogeography indicates that islands have fewer species than mainlands do because of: small size of island distance of island from other inhabited lands tropical climates of islands non-favorable breeding conditions on islands both small size of island and distance of island from other inhabited lands

both small size of island and distance of island from other inhabited lands

As an environment becomes more stressful both the number of species declines and on land, the height of vegetation decreases on land, the height of vegetation decreases on land, the height of vegetation increases the number of species increases the number of species declines

both the number of species declines and on land, the height of vegetation decreases

Compared with a more homogeneous habitat, a habitat with a variety of local subenvironments will tend to: provides a smaller number of ecological niches leads to lower species diversity follows the Principle of Competitive Exclusion provides a smaller number of habitats can offer more possibilities of refuge to rare species

can offer more possibilities of refuge to rare species

Which of the following is not a source of human impact on the intertidal areas? coastal development pollution changes in sea level with tides over harvesting of biological resources recreational use

changes in sea level with tides

All of the following can be attributed to how plate tectonics affects biogeography EXCEPT: continental separation led to genetic isolation and evolution of new species continental drift has periodically joined and separated various continents continental shifts caused greater detrimental human impact on ecosystems unification of continents allowed genetic mixing; separation imposed geographic isolation continental unification enabled organism to enter new habitats

continental shifts caused greater detrimental human impact on ecosystems

The type of evolution occurring when two genetically dissimilar species inhabit geographically separate parts of a biome develop along similar lines and have similar external form and function is divergent progressive adaptive radiation non-adaptive convergent

convergent

The Joshua tree species in California is a member of the agave family and closely resembles the Euphorbia of East Africa, a member of the spurge family. The similar shapes and form of these plants result from their evolution under similar desert climates, a process known as: adaptive evolution progressive evolution divergent evolution spiritual evolution convergent evolution

convergent evolution

It is now believed that the ostrich (Africa), rhea (South America), and emu (Australia) have a common ancestor but evolved separately due to geographic barriers. This is an example of the process of: biome distribution adaptive radiation convergent evolution species enrichment divergent evolution

divergent evolution

A species introduced into a new geographical area is called a(n): abundant species exotic species anemic species ubiquitous species endemic species

exotic species

Which of the following represents modern thinking, rather than historical thinking, about the interaction between freshwater biomes and human activity? rivers and streams should be diverted for agricultural irrigation rivers and streams should be channeled to ease transportation routes for people rivers and streams should be dammed for hydropower free-flowing rivers and meandering streams should be conserved and protected rivers and streams should be heavily used as waste depositories

free-flowing rivers and meandering streams should be conserved and protected

Biogeography refers to: geographic distribution of living organisms charting the pattern of habitat destruction changes in wildlife habitat over time distribution of introduced species distribution of organisms in the food chain

geographic distribution of living organisms

In the __________ biome, sulfur-rich brines and chemosynthetic bacteria form the base of the food chain. benthos intertidal hydrothermal vents fresh waters wetlands

hydrothermal vents

Introduction of exotic species into new habitat require pre-thinking about: impact of exotics on native species of area impact on beautification of landscape impact on climate of area impact on ability of human to conduct activities all of the above

impact of exotics on native species of area

The __________ biome consists of areas alternately exposed to air and covered by ocean water. fresh waters hydrothermal vents wetlands intertidal benthos

intertidal

According to your textbook, a seaweed from the Pacific Ocean was inadvertently released into the Mediterranean Sea. This event had harmful effects because it choked out the native seaweed of the area it was poisonous to fish in the area it caused crabs that ate it to cease to be edible to people it absorbed excess nutrients from the water it got tangled in the propellers of boats

it choked out the native seaweed of the area

Among other characteristics, tropical rain forests are famous for location in remote regions moderate productivity extremely high nutrient soils extending well below the surface diversity of civilizations persisting in this habitat uniformity of vegetation

location in remote regions

Which of the following does not apply to estuaries? located at mouths of rivers entering the ocean rich in nutrients perform a public service function of producing fossil fuels support an abundance of fish breeding site for many commercially significant fish

perform a public service function of producing fossil fuels

Tundra is characterized by heavy precipitation forests of conifers high average temperatures extreme southern latitudes. permafrost

permafrost

Which of the following climatic factors has the greatest influence on characteristics of biome type? drought and floods cloud cover and UV radiation surf height and amount of sand wind and latitude rainfall and temperature

rainfall and temperature

Which of the following biomes is correctly paired with its description? swamps, marshes, bogs: Savanna fire is a common disturbance: Desert extreme daily temperature changes: Temperate Deciduous Forests permafrost present: Temperate shrubland rich organic soil; grazing animals: Grassland

rich organic soil; grazing animals: Grassland

Similar environments in different locations lead to the evolution of species with: similar adaptations the same behavior, but different bodily adaptations symbiotic relationships different biotic provinces similar predators

similar adaptations

Also known as boreal forest, __________consist(s) of forests located at high altitude or high latitude. benthos tundra temperate grasslands taiga deserts

taiga

Common vegetation in the __________ biome include deciduous trees, and dominant animals tend to be small mammals, birds, and insects. temperate forests tropical rain forests tropical savannas wetlands temperate shrub lands

temperate forests

__________ are dominated by dense stands of low vegetation sometimes known as "chaparral" that occurs in climates with seasonally-concentrated rainfall. Temperate shrub lands Tropical savannas Wetlands Tropical rain forests Temperate forests

temperate shrub lands

__________ occur in areas of high temperatures and where precipitation is abundant and distributed relatively evenly throughout the year. Tropical rain forests Tropical savannas Temperate forests Temperate shrub lands Wetlands

tropical rain forests

__________ are treeless plains in areas of low annual temperatures and low rainfall. Taiga Tundra Temperate grasslands Benthos Deserts

tundra

Which of the following does not apply to a biome? signifies a close relationship between environment and kinds of life-forms rule of climatic similarity applies a region with similar climate, soil, plants and animals represents a major biogeographic pattern usually confined to a relatively small geographical area

usually confined to a relatively small geographical area

In the __________ biome, typical vegetation may include small trees such as mangroves, shrubs, sedges, and mosses. Animals may include mammals, reptiles, snakes, birds, as well as invertebrates such as crabs or clams. benthos hydrothermal vents wetlands intertidal fresh waters

wetlands

In which of the following situations is divergent evolution most likely to occur: where species evenness is high where species diversity is high in arid climates in stable environments, with little change over time where populations are separated by geographic barriers

where populations are separated by geographic barriers

Wallace's realms are the patterns of succession in an ecosystem domains based on fundamental characteristics of animals dominant species in each ecological community geographic areas defined by marked territories of animals worldwide patterns in animal & plant species habitat

worldwide patterns in animal & plant species habitat

Biome Average Annual Rainfall Average Monthly Temperature A Less than 50 cm 25-33 oC B Over 250 cm 5-29 oC Which of the following statements is true given the data from the chart above? 1) Biome A could be a Desert 2) Biome B could be Tundra 3) crabs, shellfish and amphibians and diverse vegetation could inhabit Biome A 4) moose, bear and sparse vegetation could inhabit Biome B 2 3 both 1 and 2 are true 1 4

1

How many biomes have been identified on Earth? 10-15 1 16-20 20+ 2-9

16-20

What is the difference between a biotic province and a biome? A biotic province is based on territorial boundaries. A biome is based on geology. A biotic province is based on who is related to whom. A biome is based on niches and habitats. A biotic province is based on climate. A biome is based on community. A biotic province is based on aesthetic ambiance. A biome is based on biological diversity. A biotic province is based on DNA similarities. A biome is based on geography.

A biotic province is based on who is related to whom. A biome is based on niches and habitats.