Chapter 8- Cognitive Psychology

Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories...

Arise from the same constructive processes that produce true memories

A script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of:

A sequence of action

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for

Adolescence and young adulthood

Your text describes an experiment by Panco and Rubin (2005) that measured people's memories of the terrorist attacks on September 11,2001. Which of the following was the primary result of that research?

After 32 weeks, participants had a high level of confidence in their memories of the terrorist events, but lower belief in their memories of "everyday" events.

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented...

After the event

In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when presentation of misleading post-event information was:

Auditory from a female speaker

The conclusion to be drawn from the man named Shereshevskii whose abnormal brain functioning gave him virtually limitless word-for-word memory is that having memory like a video recorder...

Can seriously disrupt functioning in one's personal life.

According to the _____ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

Constructive

The "telephone game" is often played by children. One child creates a story and whispers it to a second child, who does the same to a third child, and so on. When the last child recites the story to the group, his or her reproduction of the story is generally shorter than the original and contains many omissions and inaccuracies. This game shows how memory is a _____ process.

Constructive

In the "word list" false memory experiment where several students incorrectly remembered hearing the the word sleep, false memory occurs because of

Constructive memory processes

Which of the following has been shown to play a role in the strength of memories that are associated with emotion?

Cortisol

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as

Cryptoamnesia

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproduction contained inaccuracies based on:

Cultural expectations

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be east to recall?

Graduating from college at age 22

Much research has been dedicated to improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony. One finding reveals that when constructing a lineup, ____ similarity between the "fillers" and the suspect does result in missed identification of some guilty suspects but also substantially reduces erroneous identification of many innocent people.

Increasing similarity between "fillers" and a suspect leads to an increased level of missed identification of guilty suspects.

Flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements?

It is memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time.

________ occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the sentence.

Pragmatic inference

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of _____ on memory.

Schemas

The other day, Thuy experienced a Proustian effect memory. What did Thuy likely do to trigger this experience?

Smell perfume

The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered) illustrated the effect of _____ on memory.

Source misatrributions

The "wedding reception" false memory experiment shows that false memories can be explained as a product of familiarity and...

Source misattribution

According to the cognitive hypothesis, experiences that occur during periods of rapid personal development followed by periods of stability tend to be easier to remember due to which of the following...

Strong encoding

The repeated reproduction technique used in memory studies involves:

The same participants remembering some information at longer and longer intervals after learning the information

The repeated reproduction technique used in memory studies involves

The same participants remembering some information at longer and longer intervals after learning the information.

Ellen is 52 years old. Which of the following has likely faded from her memory?

Winning the first grade spelling bee