Chapter 8

The Civil War triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties during this realignment period?

- Democratic Party - Republican Party

Which are the major political parties in the United States?

- Democratic Party - Republican Party

What of the following are true about political contributions called hard money?

- It can be spent as the recipient chooses. - It is money given directly to a candidate. - It is subject to legal limits.

What purpose does party competition serve in American politics?

- It narrows down options for voters - It allows groups of voters to act in unison

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

- They operate at the local level. - They are open to all citizens.

Which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change.

- amount of money required - length of the campaign - focus of the campaign

Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?

- campaign strategists - pollsters - media producers

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?

- candidates organize their own campaigns - the same parties are represented nationwide

Even if a third party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?

- drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates - encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party

The rise of candidate-centered campaign has

- made it easier for political newcomers to win high office - increased the importance of money in political campaigns.

Which of the following are part of the money chase politics?

- pursuing wealthy patrons - raising funds

Which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the Democratic coalition?

- the elderly - union members - African Americans

State parties are involved with which of the following activities?

- voter registration - election of U.S senators

In terms of percentage of the presidential popular vote, the most successful of the twentieth-century third parties was the _____ Party.

Bull Moose

Which is a reason why some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.

Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

a proportional representation system

Which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the Democratic Party since the 1960's?

black Americans

A state that prevents members from one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?

closed

Third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are know as

factional parties

Political parties began to emerge in the United States

in spite of the founding father's beliefs about them.

Local party organizations operate

only during campaign periods.

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic Parties are

relatively independent, that is each level does not have much control over the others.

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

single-issues parties

On a _______, citizens vote for candidates from different parties?

split-ticket

Linkage institution

they connect citizens with government

The United State of government functions as a _______ system.

two-party

What is another name for plurality system?

winner-take all system

Which of the following statements about negative ads and negative campaigning are true?

- Abraham Lincoln was the target insulting comments about his appearance during election campaigns. - Negative campaigning in presidential elections was used as long ago as when Thomas Jefferson ran for office.

Which of the following are considered ways in which third parties can impact the American political process?

- They draw attention to issues that are not getting much attention from the two major parties. - They can influence electoral outcomes in a closely contested election between the two dominant party candidates. - They give voters who are dissatisfied with the candidate from two major parties a third option to vote for.

Which of the following factors have contributed to the weakening of party organizations?

- candidate-centered campaigns - primary elections

Which of the following are roles that national political parties have?

- to raise money for Congressional campaigns - to raise money for presidential campaigns - to seek media coverage of party positions and activities

Today's candidates are more likely than before to owe their nomination to the efforts of their political party organization.

False

Which of the following voting blocs was largely notable in its migration to the Republican Party during the 1980's?

Southern whites

Because of the increasing cost of political campaigns,

candidates must constantly work to raise funds.

A(n) ____ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ______ voting.

retrospective

Which of the following led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to the benefit of the Democratic Party?

the Great Depression

Which of the following statements sum up the various functions of political consultants?

-production of promotional materials - advising on how to run a successful campaign - gathering voter opinions

Which party formed during the 1830's was competitive against the Jacksonian Democratic Party?

Whig Party

The fact that more white people than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n) ______ gap.

gender

Which president was a leading advocate of giving ordinary citizens a more direct role in the Democratic Party?

Andrew Jackson

Which type of third party is highly organized around a framework concerning the nature and role of government in society?

ideologically oriented parties

The highlight of candidates' attributes is called

packaging

Which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

primary election

Today, political candidates tend to

set up and run their own campaign organizations.