Chapter 8 Geography

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tierra caliente and crops

"hot land" lies at elevations 2,500ft ( bananas and sugarcane are grown here)

volcanic axis

40 volcanic cones attain elevations of more than 12,000 ft

United Provinces of Central America

5 seperate countries: Costa Rica, El Salcador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua

cuba and independence from spain

cuba gained independence in 1898 but remained under United States protection until 1902

damage to rainforests

deforestation severly alters biologically rich ecosystems and threatens various plants and organisms from which key medicines are derived

temperatures and rainfall in the region

warm year around and abundant rainfall

biodiversity

biological diversity in an enviroment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals

central highlands

central americas most distinctive landforms -mountains- form the highlands

ring of fire

an area where a large number of volcanic erruptions occur

greater antilles and lesser antilles

are part of an archipelago. composed of the crests and peaks of a mountain range formed by collisions of tectonic plates

cottage industry

a business of recreational travel based on concern for the enviroment

vertical climate zones

a climate zone that occurs as elevation increases, with its own natural vegetation and crops

patois

a dialect used in everyday speech that blends elements of several languages

archipelago

a group of chain of islands

dialect

a local form of a language used in a particular place or by a certain group

isthmus

a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

disputes over water

a wetlands area that is part of a nature reserve owned by costa rica

Lempa river

generates hydroelectricity from the energy of moving water

uniqueness of Montserat

has black sand beaches and coral reefs

PRODESEC

is a Nicaraguan plan aimed at providing new opportunities for rural families

latifundia

large agricultural estates owned by families or cooperations

Lake Nicaragua

largest freshwater lake in Central America

biodiversity hotspot

much of subregions timberland have been cleared by slash and burn farmers

panamal canal

one of the worlds most important human-made waterways ( shortened trade routes)

reforestation

replanting seeds where trees have been cut down

minifundia

small farms that produce food chiefly for family use

islands and agriculture

small islands colonized for intensive plantation agriculture became prone to soil erosion because of the elimination to natural vegetation

sedimentation

the action or process of forming or depositing sediment

deforestation

the cutting down and removing of trees

catholicism

the faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church

Panama prior to independence

the governer, Pedaris slaved and murdered indigenous people

ecotourism

the practice and business of recreational travel based on concern for the enviroment

population pressure

the sum of factors within a population that reduce the ability of an environment to support the population, therefor resulting in migration or population decline

coral reefs

these reefs exhibit a wide variety of reef fish and sea life

shantytown

thousands of people are forced to live in slums on the edge of the city

population problems and the land

to increase food supplies farmers have cleared forested regions which destroys forest and cause soil to lose fertility

Central America climate zones and population

tropical climate zone


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