Chapter 8 - Memory

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding. A. acoustic B. semantic C. visual D. sensory

B. semantic

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. A. recall B. relearning C. an engram D. recognition

B. relearning

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory? A. If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful. B. Overlearning can help prevent storage decay. C. Aerobic exercise promotes neurogenesis. D. In order to remember information, you should build a web of retrieval cues to help you access material when you want to remember it.

A. If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? A. amygdala B. prefrontal cortex C. hippocampus D. cerebellum

A. amygdala

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory. A. implicit B. explicit C. sensory D. semantic

A. implicit

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you won't forget it. This process is called ________. A. rehearsal B. the method of loci D. distributed practice C. chunking

A. rehearsal

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? A. sensory B. effortful C. recall D. procedural

A. sensory

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells â the man with the blue shirt did it.â Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. A. suggestibility B. transience C. decay D. recognition

A. suggestibility

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? A. amygdala B. cerebellum C. hippocampus D. primary cortex

B. cerebellum

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. A. information; misinformation B. construction; reconstruction C. equipotentiality; amnesia D. coding; recoding

B. construction; reconstruction

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just â subtracting two.â This is an example of ________ rehearsal. A. maintenance B. elaborative C. massed D. mnemonic

B. elaborative

What is episodic memory? A. storage of facts and events we have personally experienced B. information about events we have personally experienced C. type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things D. knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

B. information about events we have personally experienced

Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information? A. 9 plus or minus 3 B. 7 plus or minus 2 C. 4 plus or minus 1 D. 3 plus or minus 2

C. 4 plus or minus 1

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? A. They would be inhibited from being activation. B. They'd be activated more strongly than the concept first activated. C. They would also be activated, though at a lower level. D. They would undergo a structural change.

C. They would also be activated, though at a lower level.

The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones. A. retroactive B. retrograde C. anterograde D. proactive

C. anterograde

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________. A. a mnemonic device B. persistence C. chunking D. elaborative rehearsal

C. chunking

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report? A. sensory memories B. implicit memories C. explicit memories D. short-term memories

C. explicit memories

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________. A. hyperthymesia B. relearning C. rehearsal D. declarative memory

C. rehearsal

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. A. storage B. hyperthymesia C. retrieval D. encoding

C. retrieval

Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time. A. 50 B. 70 C. 90 D. 30

D. 30

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house? A. prefrontal cortex B. cerebellum C. amygdala D. hippocampus

D. hippocampus

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory. A. the Stroop effect B. recall C. transience D. recognition

D. recognition

Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic? A. thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind B. being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics C. dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip D. remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES

D. remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? A. sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of "Happy Birthday" B. think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state C. memorize five states at a time - group the information into a more manageable size D. stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

D. stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus