Chapter 8 Quiz

The rooting reflex disappears by the time an infant is _____ months old.

4

Averaged across men and women, the average life expectancy in the United States is now about _____ years.

75-80

Deanna enjoys using Snapchat, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. She is not alone: about _____ in 10 American adolescents have established identities on social media sites

8

_____ developed the Strange Situation to investigate _____.

Ainsworth; attachment

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between development and maturation?

Maturation is one type of development

In the Strange Situation, a child with _____ attachment will remain distressed when its mother returns after a brief absence.

ambivalent

Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is associated with the BEST developmental outcome for children?

authoritative

The Swiss scholar Jean Piaget made groundbreaking contributions to the study of _____ development

cognitive

The correct order of Erikson's stages of adult socioemotional development is

intimacy-versus-isolation, generativity-versus-stagnation, integrity-versus-despair

Peek-a-boo games are compelling for babies because infants in the sensorimotor stage lack:

object permanence.

Children of _____ parents tend to lack self-control, act impulsively, and show no respect for boundaries

permissive

Brown eyes, curly hair, and a slim build are elements of Jarrod's

phenotype.

The topic of maturation is MOST likely to arise in a conversation concerning _____ development.

physical

Developmental psychology investigates:

physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the lifespan.

Ethical principles and ideas about morality define Kohlberg's _____ level of development

postconventional

Kohlberg called children's moral reasoning

preconventional.

Preoperational children know that objects exist even when they are not visible. They can also:

pretend that one object is another

The appearance of pubic hair is a _____ sexual characteristic

secondary

Which language acquisition stage or phenomenon is matched with its definition

telegraphic speech — two-word phrases

According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation occurs during:

young adulthood

Which correlation coefficient should a researcher expect to find between bone density among older adults and self-reported frequency of exercise?

.25

Danielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of an upper-level psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely titled:

Developmental Psychology.

Janet is 9 weeks pregnant; her developing baby is called a(n)

fetus.

Amber is a 15-year-old girl in 10th grade. She is in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

Not all adults reach Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

An individual's 23 chromosome pairs make up his or her:

genotype

An individual's _____ is observable in his or her _____

genotype; phenotype

The _____ period of prenatal development begins at conception.

germinal

The shortest period of prenatal development is the _____ period.

germinal

Monozygotic twins share _____% of their genetic material. Dizygotic twins share _____% of their genetic material.

100; 50

Which individual is MOST apt to be in Erikson's identity-versus-role confusion stage?

15-year-old Stuart

In contrast to prevailing stereotypes, only about 1 in _____ older Americans live in a nursing home.

20

Leanne is 10 months old. Chastity is 13 months old. Dominique is 16 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of separation anxiety

Chastity

_____ argued that language development depends on _____

Chomsky; an internal language acquisition device

Chromosomes are composed of _____, which are composed of _____.

DNA; genes

____ is known for his theory of _____ development.

Kohlberg; moral

Cohort effects pose a problem for _____ research designs.

cross-sectional

Erikson built his theory of socioemotional development on a foundation of _____ research.

case study

Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of:

conservation

Sixteen-year-old Michael begins growing a marijuana plant in a corner of his family's garden. His stepfather asks him to remove it because it is illegal. In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's stepfather is demonstrating _____ reasoning

conventional

Fluid intelligence _____ with age. Crystallized intelligence _____ with age

declines; does not decline

Edna has been told she has end-stage cancer and that she only has a few months to live. According to Kübler-Ross, the first stage of grief that Edna will experience is:

denial.

Parent-teen conflict increases MOST dramatically during:

early adolescence.

Baby Jacquie eats and sleeps on a regular schedule. She is quickly soothed when she cries. Jacquie appears to have a(n) _____ temperament.

easy

The MOST recently identified life stage is that of

emerging adulthood

During adolescence, the development of the _____ is faster than that of the _____.

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

Laney is investigating early language acquisition. She selects a group of 6-month-old babies, and then assesses them every 3 months until they are 2 years old. Laney is using a _____ research design.

longitudinal

Age changes are to age differences as _____ research designs are to _____ research designs.

longitudinal; cross-sectional

Sensitive periods provide evidence that development:

may occur in stages.

The point at which menstruation begins is called:

menarche

Research offers _____ support for Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying

minimal