Chapter 8 Quiz
The rooting reflex disappears by the time an infant is _____ months old.
4
Averaged across men and women, the average life expectancy in the United States is now about _____ years.
75-80
Deanna enjoys using Snapchat, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. She is not alone: about _____ in 10 American adolescents have established identities on social media sites
8
_____ developed the Strange Situation to investigate _____.
Ainsworth; attachment
Which statement BEST captures the relationship between development and maturation?
Maturation is one type of development
In the Strange Situation, a child with _____ attachment will remain distressed when its mother returns after a brief absence.
ambivalent
Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is associated with the BEST developmental outcome for children?
authoritative
The Swiss scholar Jean Piaget made groundbreaking contributions to the study of _____ development
cognitive
The correct order of Erikson's stages of adult socioemotional development is
intimacy-versus-isolation, generativity-versus-stagnation, integrity-versus-despair
Peek-a-boo games are compelling for babies because infants in the sensorimotor stage lack:
object permanence.
Children of _____ parents tend to lack self-control, act impulsively, and show no respect for boundaries
permissive
Brown eyes, curly hair, and a slim build are elements of Jarrod's
phenotype.
The topic of maturation is MOST likely to arise in a conversation concerning _____ development.
physical
Developmental psychology investigates:
physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the lifespan.
Ethical principles and ideas about morality define Kohlberg's _____ level of development
postconventional
Kohlberg called children's moral reasoning
preconventional.
Preoperational children know that objects exist even when they are not visible. They can also:
pretend that one object is another
The appearance of pubic hair is a _____ sexual characteristic
secondary
Which language acquisition stage or phenomenon is matched with its definition
telegraphic speech — two-word phrases
According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation occurs during:
young adulthood
Which correlation coefficient should a researcher expect to find between bone density among older adults and self-reported frequency of exercise?
.25
Danielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of an upper-level psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely titled:
Developmental Psychology.
Janet is 9 weeks pregnant; her developing baby is called a(n)
fetus.
Amber is a 15-year-old girl in 10th grade. She is in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.
formal operational
Not all adults reach Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.
formal operational
An individual's 23 chromosome pairs make up his or her:
genotype
An individual's _____ is observable in his or her _____
genotype; phenotype
The _____ period of prenatal development begins at conception.
germinal
The shortest period of prenatal development is the _____ period.
germinal
Monozygotic twins share _____% of their genetic material. Dizygotic twins share _____% of their genetic material.
100; 50
Which individual is MOST apt to be in Erikson's identity-versus-role confusion stage?
15-year-old Stuart
In contrast to prevailing stereotypes, only about 1 in _____ older Americans live in a nursing home.
20
Leanne is 10 months old. Chastity is 13 months old. Dominique is 16 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of separation anxiety
Chastity
_____ argued that language development depends on _____
Chomsky; an internal language acquisition device
Chromosomes are composed of _____, which are composed of _____.
DNA; genes
____ is known for his theory of _____ development.
Kohlberg; moral
Cohort effects pose a problem for _____ research designs.
cross-sectional
Erikson built his theory of socioemotional development on a foundation of _____ research.
case study
Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of:
conservation
Sixteen-year-old Michael begins growing a marijuana plant in a corner of his family's garden. His stepfather asks him to remove it because it is illegal. In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's stepfather is demonstrating _____ reasoning
conventional
Fluid intelligence _____ with age. Crystallized intelligence _____ with age
declines; does not decline
Edna has been told she has end-stage cancer and that she only has a few months to live. According to Kübler-Ross, the first stage of grief that Edna will experience is:
denial.
Parent-teen conflict increases MOST dramatically during:
early adolescence.
Baby Jacquie eats and sleeps on a regular schedule. She is quickly soothed when she cries. Jacquie appears to have a(n) _____ temperament.
easy
The MOST recently identified life stage is that of
emerging adulthood
During adolescence, the development of the _____ is faster than that of the _____.
limbic system; prefrontal cortex
Laney is investigating early language acquisition. She selects a group of 6-month-old babies, and then assesses them every 3 months until they are 2 years old. Laney is using a _____ research design.
longitudinal
Age changes are to age differences as _____ research designs are to _____ research designs.
longitudinal; cross-sectional
Sensitive periods provide evidence that development:
may occur in stages.
The point at which menstruation begins is called:
menarche
Research offers _____ support for Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying
minimal