Chapter 8 Review Sheet
Act
Discrimination is a
People who share a common culture
How do sociologists define ethnicity?
Institutional discrimination is more widespread
How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?
Functions, dysfunctions, describing the social structures
Structural Functionalism
Symbols, meanings, individuals, socialization
Symbolic Interactionism
Assimilation
What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?
To increase diversity
What is the goal of affirmative action?
Coming from a non-English speaking country
What makes someone most likely to drop out of school?
Assimilation
a pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous.
Racism
a set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences between groups are genetic.
Ethnicity
a socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor.
Race
a socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people.
Passing
presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group than the one you were born into.
Minority Group
social group that is systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society's dominant groups though they are not necessarily fewer in number than the dominant groups.
Race
Biological differences
Considerable and usually unacknowledged privilege
Caucasian ethnic identity is characterized by:
Miscegenation
Cohabitation or marriage between two people of different racial groups
Owners, workers, power, resources, inequality, social structures
Conflict theory
Ethnicity
Cultural differences
Belief
Prejudice is a
Pluralism
Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of:
Double-Consciousness
W.E.B. DuBois's term for the divided identity experienced by blacks in America.
Pluralism
a cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation and acceptance within a society.
Situational Ethnicity
an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation.
Symbolic Ethnicity
an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life.
Prejudice
an idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it.
Individual Discrimination
discrimination carried out by one person against another.
Institutional Discrimination
discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational and others) that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it.
Discrimination
unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group; usually motivated by prejudice.
