Chapter 8 - Vitamins

Biotin's roles in the body include

- Amino acid breakdown - Glucose synthesis - Fatty acid synthesis

The results of major studies fail to show that high Vitamin E intake can reduce the risk of

- Cancer - Cardiovascular disease - Cognitive impairment

When consumed in high doses, vitamins often

- Cause unpleasant side effects - Have drug like effects in the body.

Niacin participates in which of the following

- Energy metabolism

Symptoms of osteomalacia include

- Muscle weakness - Soft, weak bones

Water-soluble vitamins

- Niacin - Riboflavin - Vitamin B-6

The body needs choline to

- Synthesize a part of a phospholipid in the liver - Produce phospholids in cell membrances - As part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Vitamin E

Antioxidant defense

Folate

Blood formation

Vitamin D

Bone health

Pantothenic acid is a component of

Coenzyme A.

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

Energy metabolism. Fatty acid production

Inside the cell, Vitamin C functions primarily by

donating electrons to other compounds

Rank the sequence of steps involved in the role of vitamin A in the visual cycle.

1. In the dark, retinal binds to opsin to form rhodopsin. 2. Light activates rhodopsin, causing it to change shape. 3. Activated rhodopsin stimulates rod cell changes that result in vision. 4. Retinal detaches from opsin