Chapter 9

sparse network

A communication network in which most or all network members communicate with only a few other members.

decentralized networks

A communication network in which no single network member dominates communications.

centralized networks

A communication network in which one or a few network members dominate communications.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the communication process?

Communication network

gossip

Information that is presumed to be factual, and is communicated in private or intimate settings.

To send a message to sender must first encode it.

TRUE

In communicating with a diverse workforce and/or consumer base, organizations would do well to ________________ in order to improve communication.

reduce jargon

Semantic Differences

refers to the meaning people attach to symbols, such as words and gestures.

Status differences

result from dissimilarities in titles, offices, support resources, and even informal power.

Which of the following is NOT a form of nonverbal communication?

spoken words

______________is/are network(s) in which no single network member dominates communications,

Decentralized communication

interpersonal communication

Direct verbal or nonverbal interaction between two or more active participants.

dense networks

A communication network in which most or all network members communicate with many other members.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a barrier to effective communication?

Unequivocal messages

rumors

Unsubstantiated information of universal interest.

Information Overload at the organizational level can contribute to...

partial understanding of the information shared

Because of their training, managers have excellent listening skills.

FALSE

Information distortion happens intentionally and is primarily done by competitive and dishonest associates.

FALSE

Managers spend about 30% of their time at work communicating.

FALSE

More than half of interpersonal communication is nonverbal.

TRUE

Richness depends in part on the potential for immediate feedback.

TRUE

Successful communication occurs when the person receiving the message understands it in the way that the sender intended.

TRUE

The fundamental purposes of communication in an organization are to provide information and instructions, to influence others, and to integrate activities.

TRUE

cultural fluency

The ability to identify, understand, and apply cultural differences that influence communication.

Expressiveness

The amount and vividness of a person's communication. Descriptors include verboseness, conversational dominance, humor, and unpretentiousness.

Preciseness

The care that is put into communication. Descriptors include thoughtfulness, substantiveness, structuredness, and conciseness

Impression management

The degree to which calculated guardedness dominates a person's communication. Descriptors include charm, inscrutableness, ingratiation, and concealment.

Questioning orientation

The degree to which curiosity is emphasized. Descriptors include inquisitiveness, unconventionality, argumentativeness, and philosophicalness.

Verbal aggressiveness.

The degree to which personal opinions and positions are advocated. Descriptors include authoritarianism, derogatoriness, angriness, and unsupportiveness.

communication medium or communication channel

The manner in which a message is conveyed.

feedback

The process whereby a receiver encodes the message received and sends it or a response to it back to the original sender.

decoding

The process whereby a receiver perceives a sent message and interprets its meaning.

encoding

The process whereby a sender translates the information he or she wishes to send in a message.

Emotionality

The reflection of stress or sadness in communication. Descriptors include worrisomeness, tension, sentimentality, and defensiveness.

communication

The sharing of information between two or more people to achieve a common understanding about an object or situation.

categorization-elaboration model

a theoretical framework about work group diversity and group performance which predicts that team diversity and the resulting social categorization processes it triggers affect the elaboration of task-relevant information and perspectives in teams, which ultimately affect team performance.

Which direction of communication is least frequently used in organizations?

upward

Many organizations have "open door" policies. This is an example of:

upward communication

Differing Perceptions

when the sender has one perception of a message and the receiver has another.

Listening actively involves:

A. stopping talking. B. paying attention. C. listening empathetically. D. listening to the whole message.

communication audit

An analysis of an organization's internal and external communication designed to assess communication practices and capabilities, and to determine needs.

communication climate

Associates' perceptions regarding the quality of communication within the organization.

________________ is/are communication network(s) in which one or a few network members dominate communications.

Centralized communication

upward communication

Communication that flows from subordinate to superior.

downward communication

Communication that flows from superior to subordinate.

formal communication

Communication that follows the formal structure of the organization (e.g., superior to subordinate) and entails organizationally sanctioned information.

informal communication

Communication that involves spontaneous interaction between two or more people outside the formal organization structure.

horizontal communication

Communication that takes place between and among people at the same level.

nonverbal communication

Communication that takes place without using spoken or written language, such as communication through facial expressions and body language.

People of _________ cultures are able to discern and label facial expressions showing certain basic emotions in the same way.

all

After presenting the weeks' plan, a manager asks two group members to volunteer the expectations/goals for the week. This manager wants to avoid _____________ that could result from his communication with his associates.

differing perceptions of the plan

__________ involves translating information into a message or signal.

encoding