Chapter 9
sparse network
A communication network in which most or all network members communicate with only a few other members.
decentralized networks
A communication network in which no single network member dominates communications.
centralized networks
A communication network in which one or a few network members dominate communications.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the communication process?
Communication network
gossip
Information that is presumed to be factual, and is communicated in private or intimate settings.
To send a message to sender must first encode it.
TRUE
In communicating with a diverse workforce and/or consumer base, organizations would do well to ________________ in order to improve communication.
reduce jargon
Semantic Differences
refers to the meaning people attach to symbols, such as words and gestures.
Status differences
result from dissimilarities in titles, offices, support resources, and even informal power.
Which of the following is NOT a form of nonverbal communication?
spoken words
______________is/are network(s) in which no single network member dominates communications,
Decentralized communication
interpersonal communication
Direct verbal or nonverbal interaction between two or more active participants.
dense networks
A communication network in which most or all network members communicate with many other members.
Which of the following would NOT be considered a barrier to effective communication?
Unequivocal messages
rumors
Unsubstantiated information of universal interest.
Information Overload at the organizational level can contribute to...
partial understanding of the information shared
Because of their training, managers have excellent listening skills.
FALSE
Information distortion happens intentionally and is primarily done by competitive and dishonest associates.
FALSE
Managers spend about 30% of their time at work communicating.
FALSE
More than half of interpersonal communication is nonverbal.
TRUE
Richness depends in part on the potential for immediate feedback.
TRUE
Successful communication occurs when the person receiving the message understands it in the way that the sender intended.
TRUE
The fundamental purposes of communication in an organization are to provide information and instructions, to influence others, and to integrate activities.
TRUE
cultural fluency
The ability to identify, understand, and apply cultural differences that influence communication.
Expressiveness
The amount and vividness of a person's communication. Descriptors include verboseness, conversational dominance, humor, and unpretentiousness.
Preciseness
The care that is put into communication. Descriptors include thoughtfulness, substantiveness, structuredness, and conciseness
Impression management
The degree to which calculated guardedness dominates a person's communication. Descriptors include charm, inscrutableness, ingratiation, and concealment.
Questioning orientation
The degree to which curiosity is emphasized. Descriptors include inquisitiveness, unconventionality, argumentativeness, and philosophicalness.
Verbal aggressiveness.
The degree to which personal opinions and positions are advocated. Descriptors include authoritarianism, derogatoriness, angriness, and unsupportiveness.
communication medium or communication channel
The manner in which a message is conveyed.
feedback
The process whereby a receiver encodes the message received and sends it or a response to it back to the original sender.
decoding
The process whereby a receiver perceives a sent message and interprets its meaning.
encoding
The process whereby a sender translates the information he or she wishes to send in a message.
Emotionality
The reflection of stress or sadness in communication. Descriptors include worrisomeness, tension, sentimentality, and defensiveness.
communication
The sharing of information between two or more people to achieve a common understanding about an object or situation.
categorization-elaboration model
a theoretical framework about work group diversity and group performance which predicts that team diversity and the resulting social categorization processes it triggers affect the elaboration of task-relevant information and perspectives in teams, which ultimately affect team performance.
Which direction of communication is least frequently used in organizations?
upward
Many organizations have "open door" policies. This is an example of:
upward communication
Differing Perceptions
when the sender has one perception of a message and the receiver has another.
Listening actively involves:
A. stopping talking. B. paying attention. C. listening empathetically. D. listening to the whole message.
communication audit
An analysis of an organization's internal and external communication designed to assess communication practices and capabilities, and to determine needs.
communication climate
Associates' perceptions regarding the quality of communication within the organization.
________________ is/are communication network(s) in which one or a few network members dominate communications.
Centralized communication
upward communication
Communication that flows from subordinate to superior.
downward communication
Communication that flows from superior to subordinate.
formal communication
Communication that follows the formal structure of the organization (e.g., superior to subordinate) and entails organizationally sanctioned information.
informal communication
Communication that involves spontaneous interaction between two or more people outside the formal organization structure.
horizontal communication
Communication that takes place between and among people at the same level.
nonverbal communication
Communication that takes place without using spoken or written language, such as communication through facial expressions and body language.
People of _________ cultures are able to discern and label facial expressions showing certain basic emotions in the same way.
all
After presenting the weeks' plan, a manager asks two group members to volunteer the expectations/goals for the week. This manager wants to avoid _____________ that could result from his communication with his associates.
differing perceptions of the plan
__________ involves translating information into a message or signal.
encoding