chapter 9

Basic framework form attribution

*Consensus* •The extent to which other people in the same situation behave the same way. *Consistency* •The extent to which the same person behaves in the same way at different times. *Distinctiveness* •The extent to which the same person behaves in the same way in other situations.

The Creative Process

*Preparation* -Individual receives formal training and education *Incubation* -Period of less intense conscious concentration, allowing ideas to mature and develop *Insight* -Spontaneous breakthrough, a new understanding of the problem or situation is achieved *Verification* -Determines the validity or truthfulness of the insight

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

*Stage 1: Alarm* -level of resistance to stress drops *Stage 2: Resistance* -individuals efforts to confront and control stressful situation *Stage 3: Exhaustion* -give up or quit -individual may become unresponsive if stressor is too intense

three components of attitude

-Affective Component -Cognitive Component -Intentional Component

attributes of creativity

-Background experiences -Personal traits -Cognitive abilities •Divergent thinking (skill that allows people to see differences) •Convergent thinking (skill that allows people to see similarities)

negative consequences of stress

-Behavioral -Psychological -Medical -Burnout -Burnout Stress Syndrome (BOSS)

psychological contract info

-Both the Individual and Organization that create the psychological contract believe that the contract is fair and equal. -can be subject to change by either the Individual or the Organization -It is the job of both the Individual and the Organization to manage psychological contracts and getting the proper value for one another.

Work-Related Attitudes

-Job Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction -Organizational Commitment

"Big Five" personality traits

-OCEAN •Openness •Conscientiousness •Extraversion •Agreeableness •Negative Emotionality

Finding the "perfect" person for the job is seldom achieved because...

-Organizational selection procedures are imperfect -Skill -level is assumed during hiring, however the skill level may not work for the job. -people and organizations change. -Everyone is Unique

Individual Differences

-Personal attributes that vary from one person to another. -Could be physical, psychological or emotional

Four categories of work related stressors

-Task -Physical -Role -Interpersonal

Person-Job Fit

-The extent to which the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organization.

locus of control

Belief that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them •Internal LC •External LC

Myers-Briggs Framework

Done by a questionnaire used by organizations to assess personality types

intentional component

How an individual is expected to behave toward or in a situation.

cognitive component

Knowledge an individual has on a situation.

self-efficacy

Person's belief of their ability to perform a task

Emotional Intelligence

Referred to as EQ -Self-Awareness -Managing emotions -Motivating oneself -Empathy -Social skill

affective component

Reflects feelings and emotions one has towards a situation. -either positive or negative

Perception

Set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment.

psychological contract

The overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what they will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return.

Creativity

ability of an individual to generate new ideas or expand upon existing ideas.

When trying to understand human behavior in the workplace, we have to consider the basic relationships between:

individuals and organizations

Workplace behavior

pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences the effectiveness of the organization.

self esteem

person believes that she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

risk propensity

the degree to which an individual is willing to take chances and make risky decisions

authoritarianism

the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems like organizations

Personality

the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another

Cognitive Dissonance

when an individual has conflicting attitudes