Chapter 9
__________ - energy used to maintain a constant body temperature while at rest
basal metabolism
__________ -reflects an increased body temperature set point, directed by the hypothalamus -benefits -certain bacteria grow less vigorously -immune system works more vigorously
fever
__________ refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep certain body variables within a fixed range
homeostasis
__________ and __________ -a set of points refer to a single value that the body works to maintain -processes that involve discrepancies from the set point are known as __________ feedback -__________ refers to the adaptive way in which the body anticipates needs depending on the situation
homeostasis allostasis negative allostasis
__________ - use of internal physiological mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature -characteristic of mammals and birds -requires energy and fuel
homeothermic (endothermic)
Two different kinds of thirst -__________: results from eating salty foods -__________: a thirst resulting from loss of fluids due to bleeding or sweating
osmotic thirst hypovolemic thirst
__________: the idea that the body temperature matches that of the environment -amphibians, reptiles, most fish -the organism lacks the internal, physiological mechanisms of temperature regulation
poikilothermic (ectothermic)
Immune system delivers __________ and __________ -causes shivering, increased metabolism, and fever
prostaglandins histamines
__________ - is a hormone released by the posterior pituitary - raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels -helps to compensate for decreased water volume -also know as an antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin