Chapter 9

__________ - energy used to maintain a constant body temperature while at rest

basal metabolism

__________ -reflects an increased body temperature set point, directed by the hypothalamus -benefits -certain bacteria grow less vigorously -immune system works more vigorously

fever

__________ refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep certain body variables within a fixed range

homeostasis

__________ and __________ -a set of points refer to a single value that the body works to maintain -processes that involve discrepancies from the set point are known as __________ feedback -__________ refers to the adaptive way in which the body anticipates needs depending on the situation

homeostasis allostasis negative allostasis

__________ - use of internal physiological mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature -characteristic of mammals and birds -requires energy and fuel

homeothermic (endothermic)

Two different kinds of thirst -__________: results from eating salty foods -__________: a thirst resulting from loss of fluids due to bleeding or sweating

osmotic thirst hypovolemic thirst

__________: the idea that the body temperature matches that of the environment -amphibians, reptiles, most fish -the organism lacks the internal, physiological mechanisms of temperature regulation

poikilothermic (ectothermic)

Immune system delivers __________ and __________ -causes shivering, increased metabolism, and fever

prostaglandins histamines

__________ - is a hormone released by the posterior pituitary - raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels -helps to compensate for decreased water volume -also know as an antidiuretic hormone

vasopressin