Chapter 9

properational stage

(2-7yrs)- second stage in Piaget's theory, children begin to represent the world with words, drawings, and images, mostly through imagination

developmental milestones

Characteristics and behaviors considered normal for children in specific age groups.

sensorimotor stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Reversibility

objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition

Culture

Affects social milestones, such as when kids start school

Piaget

Believed that cognition was central to development

conservation

Changing something's appearance, it's still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

concrete operational stage

Third stage in Piaget's theory, (7-11 years) kids can think logically about real/concrete events, able to use memory strategies

normative approach

What is normal development?

Schemata

concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

formal operational stage

final stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up, children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations

cognitive development

involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Egocentrism

the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes

object permanence

the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight

Assmilation

the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.

continuous development

views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills, like physical growth

Nature

biology and genetics

nurture

environment and culture

psychosocial development

involves emotions, personality, and social relationships

Physical development

involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

psychosexual development

process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life

accommodation

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

psychosocial development

Emphasizes the social nature of development rather than sexual, proposed by Erikson

discontinuous development

Views development in stages, at specific ages