Chapter 9
properational stage
(2-7yrs)- second stage in Piaget's theory, children begin to represent the world with words, drawings, and images, mostly through imagination
developmental milestones
Characteristics and behaviors considered normal for children in specific age groups.
sensorimotor stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Reversibility
objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition
Culture
Affects social milestones, such as when kids start school
Piaget
Believed that cognition was central to development
conservation
Changing something's appearance, it's still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added
concrete operational stage
Third stage in Piaget's theory, (7-11 years) kids can think logically about real/concrete events, able to use memory strategies
normative approach
What is normal development?
Schemata
concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information
formal operational stage
final stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up, children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations
cognitive development
involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
Egocentrism
the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes
object permanence
the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight
Assmilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.
continuous development
views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills, like physical growth
Nature
biology and genetics
nurture
environment and culture
psychosocial development
involves emotions, personality, and social relationships
Physical development
involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness
psychosexual development
process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life
accommodation
adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
psychosocial development
Emphasizes the social nature of development rather than sexual, proposed by Erikson
discontinuous development
Views development in stages, at specific ages
