Chapter 9: Microbial Genetics

In a chromosome, the DNA is composed of ______ strands.

2 (double helix)

Nucleotides can only be added to the ___________ end of a growing chain.

3'

All new DNA strands are synthesized:

5' to 3'

____________ is another term for genetics--the study of inheritance in living things.

Heredity

DNA polymerase ___________ is the enzyme responsible for building the DNA strand.

III (3)

The enzyme involved in replicating a new DNA strand is DNA polymerase _________, and DNA polymerase ________ is involved in removing the RNA primer, closing gaps, and repairing mismatched bases.

III; I

What are the parts of a nucleotide in DNA?

Nitrogenous base, phosphate, deoxyribose sugar

Which type of plasmids confer the ability of an organism to survive treatment by antibiotics?

R factors

The complementary sequence to 5'-AAGTC-3' is 3'-___________-5'.

TTCAG

The purine nitrogenous bases found in RNA are guanine and

adenine

DNA polymerases are responsible for

building the DNA chain; proofreading/repair

The genome of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell includes DNA found in which sites?

chromosomes, chloroplasts, plasmids, mitochondria

The pure guanine pairs with pyrimidine ____________________.

cytosine

Plasmids are found in which type(s) of organisms?

fungi, bacteria

A(n) ______________ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein.

gene

The entire genetic makeup of an organism is its __________________, but the expression of certain genetic traits are known as its ______________________.

genotype; phenotype

The nitrogenous bases found in DNA include

guanine, adenine, cytosine, thymine

Where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?

in the nucleus

The __________________ bases are either purines or pyrimidines.

nitrogen

A ______________ is the basic unit of DNA structure.

nucleotide

Several DNA viruses are known to be initiators of cancers and are thus termed

oncogenic

An enzyme that is named for its ability to build strands of DNA is DNA _________________________.

polymerase

During the semiconservative ________________ the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.

replication

What is true of RNA viruses compared to DNA viruses?

virus cycle occurs in cytoplasm, enter host cell in RNA form, smaller genomes