Chapter 9 Modules - Alasti Articulations test

If the nucleus pulposus breaks through the outer fibrocartilage ring of the intervertebral disc, this condition is called ____________. a herniated disc a slipped disc a bulging disc a dislocation

a herniated disc

slipped disc

a vertebral disc that is displaced or partly protruding, pressing on nearby nerves and causing back pain or sciatica

Which of the following describes movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane? Abduction Extension Flexion Adduction

abduction

If you run your fingers along the superior surface of the shoulder joint, you will feel the process called the __________. acromion styloid coronoid coracoid

acromion

Which type(s) of joints connect(s) the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals? All of the listed responses are correct. An ellipsoidal joint A synovial joint A biaxial joint

all of the listed response are correct

Why is the elbow joint quite stable? All of the listed responses are correct. The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. The capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments. The articular capsule is very thick.

all of the listed responses are correct

The joint surfaces of the bones of a synovial joint are covered with _______________. articular cartilage fibrous connective tissue a bursa ligaments

articular cartilage

Even though the specific cause varies, arthritis always involves damage to the __________. articular cartilages epiphyseal discs accessory ligaments bursae

articular cartilages

example of pivot joint

atlas and axis - neck

The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the __________. back of the knee joint anterior surface of the knee joint inside of the joint capsule lateral surface of the knee joint

back of the knee joint

What type of joint is the shoulder joint? ball-and-socket gliding saddle hinge

ball-and-socket

Which type of synovial joint is the most freely movable and performs all combinations of angular and rotational movements? Ball-and-socket Hinge Pivot Gliding

ball-and-socket

Which of the following describes an articulation that allows movement along two axes? Biaxial Ball-and-socket Triaxial Monoaxial

biaxial

When the nucleus pulposus is compressed by the adjacent vertebrae, causing distortion of the anulus fibrosus into the spinal canal, the result is a __________. bulging disc broken tailbone herniated disc compression fracture

bulging disc

A fluid-filled pocket containing synovial fluid that is found in joints and protects where a tendon or ligament rubs against a bone is a __________. bursa fat pad meniscus bunion

bursa

Which of the following are small pockets filled with synovial fluid and are found where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues? Bursae Articular cartilages Menisci Fat pads

bursae

accessory structures of a synovial joint (list)

cartilages fat pads ligaments tendons bursae

You have been called to the whiteboard in geometry class, and told to draw a circle, 1 foot in diameter, on the board. What movement would you be doing with your arm to draw the circle? Circumduction Rotation Extension Abduction

circumduction

circumduction

complete circular movement

herniated disc

condition in which the annulus fibrosus of the disc is torn, enabling the nucleus pulposus to herniate or extrude through the fibers, compressing nerves around the disc

cartilages of synovial joints

cushions the joint ex. fibrocartilage meniscus

flexion

decreases the angle of a joint ex. bending elbow

Which of the following organ systems is responsible for providing the minerals, calcium, and phosphate required for bone growth? Digestive system Respiratory system Muscular system Integumentary system

digestive system

What is the term for the condition that results when articulating bone surfaces are subjected to severe stress and are forced out of their normal positions? Dislocation Rheumatism Strain Sprain

dislocation

example of hinge joint

elbow and knee

What two movements are carried out when you open and close your mouth? Elevation and depression Inversion and eversion Abduction and adduction Flexion and extension

elevation and depression

The metacarpal and metatarsal bones articulate with the fingers and the toes, respectively. This creates what type of synovial joint? Ellipsoid Hinge Pivot Saddle

ellipsoid

When you are doing pushups and you start in the prone position, what movement of the elbow joint is performed to raise your body up? Extension Elevation Abduction Flexion

extension

hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

Structures that are associated with a synovial joint but are commonly superficial to the joint capsule and that help protect the articular cartilage are ____________. fat pads ligaments bursae synovial fluid

fat pads

The type of tissue that comprises the outer ring of the intervertebral disc is _______. fibrocartilage spongy bone elastic cartilage dense regular connective tissue

fibrocartilage

What is the structural classification of the joints that form when the bones of the cranium grow and articulate as a structure in an infant? Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Bony joints Synovial joints

fibrous joints

Which of the following ligaments does NOT connect the tibia and the femur? Fibular collateral ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Tibial collateral ligament Posterior cruciate ligament

fibular collateral ligament

Which of the following describes movement that reduces the angle between two articulating bones? Flexion Abduction Adduction Extension

flexion

Movements of the vertebral column are limited to __________. flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation flexion and extension rotation lateral flexion

flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

The type of joint that involves flat or slightly curved joint surfaces and that allows slight nonaxial movement is a ________ joint. gliding condylar pivot ball and socket

gliding

The type of joint that allows flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column is a ____________. gliding joint symphysis hinge joint condylar joint

gliding joint

The fibrous joint that holds a tooth in the bony socket of the jawbone is a ____________. gomphosis suture synostosis syndesmosis

gomphosis

saddle joint

have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle

What type of joint is the elbow? hinge ball-and-socket saddle gliding

hinge

Which joint includes structures such as the acetabulum, ligamentum teres, and iliofemoral ligament? Hip Shoulder Elbow Knee

hip

linear motion

imagine a pencil, straight up and down on a paper, and you move it back and forth, right left, up down, and do not change the pencil's angle

extension

increases the angle of a joint ex. straightening the arm

tendons

muscle to bone helps support joint

The soft, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc is called the __________. nucleus pulposus ligamentum flavum ligamentum nuchae anulus fibrosus

nucleus pulposus

pivot joint

only permits rotation

What is responsible for the dynamic nature of the skeleton and its continual remodeling? Osteoblast and osteoclast activity Diet Age The matrix of bone

osteoblast and osteoclast activity

ellipsoidal/condyloid joint

oval condyle fits into elliptical (oval) depression

pronation

palm down

supination

palm up (anatomical position) "holding a bowl of soup"

subluxation

partial dislocation

hinge joint

permits motion in only one plane

What are the two types of joints that allow rotation? Pivot joints and ball-and-socket joints Pivot joints and gliding joints Ball-and-socket joints and saddle joints Gliding joints and ball-and-socket joints

pivot joints and ball-and-socket joints

If you are standing on your tiptoes to reach something on the upper shelf, what movement are you doing with your feet? Plantar flexion Elevation Inversion Dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

The movement in which the palm is moved to face posteriorly is _______. pronation supination flexion extension

pronation

You can make a scary face by grabbing your upper lip with your bottom teeth. When you do this, your mandible moves in an anterior direction. This is an example of __________. protraction depression elevation retraction

protraction

The amphiarthrotic articulation that allows limited movement between the two pubic bones is the __________. pubic symphysis pubic tubercle greater sciatic notch obturator foramen

pubic symphysis

elevation

raising a body part - movement in a superior or upward direction

Pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal and/or muscular system may be caused by __________. rheumatism osteoporosis a herniated disc anulus fibrosus

rheumatism

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease affecting the joints? Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoporosis Gouty arthritis Osteoarthritis

rheumatoid arthritis

ball-and-socket joint

round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of synovial joints? Short fibers connecting two bones Accessory structures such as bursae and fat pads Articular cartilages A fluid-filled joint cavity

short fibers connecting two bones

With what joint is the term rotator cuff associated? Shoulder Knee Hip Elbow

shoulder

example of a ball-and-socket joint

shoulder and hip shoulder: glenoid fossa and head of humerus hip: acetabulum and head of femur

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? Shoulder joint Knee joint Elbow joint Hip joint

shoulder joint

Circumduction

similar to angular movement, but in a circular motion

gliding joints (plane joints)

sliding back and forth; twisting

bursae

small sacs filled with synovial fluid that ease friction in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences pockets of synovial fluid, cushions areas where tendons or ligaments rub

When a ligament is stretched to the point that some of the collagen fibers are torn, the resulting injury is called a __________. sprain dancer's fracture dislocation strain

sprain

fat pads of synovial joints

superficial to the joint capsule, protect articular cartilages

accessory ligaments of synovial joints

support, strengthen joints bone to bone

What is the term for an immovable joint that holds together the flat bones of the skull? Suture Symphysis Synchondrosis Diarthrosis

suture

Joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degrees of movement. From the following selections, choose the group of terms that identifies the joints in this order: no movement, slightly movable, freely movable. Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis Synarthrosis, diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis Amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, diarthrosis Diarthrosis, synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Which joint results from the fusion of two bones? Synostosis Synchondrosis Symphysis Syndesmosis

synostosis

A freely movable diarthrotic joint is always what type of structural joint? Synovial Fibrous Cartilaginous Bony

synovial

There are structures that prevent excessive movement and stabilize the joint. Which structure does NOT help stabilize a synovial joint? Synovial fluid Skeletal muscles Tendons Shape of the joint surfaces

synovial fluid

Which type of joint is freely movable? Synovial joint Synchondrosis Symphysis Syndesmosis

synovial joint

The distal end of the tibia articulates with the __________ to form a synovial __________ joint. talus; hinge calcaneus; saddle talus; saddle calcaneus; hinge

talus;hinge

The structures that pass across or around a joint, limiting range of motion and providing support, are __________. tendons adhesions ligaments cartilage

tendons

What structure is NOT part of a synovial joint but may still support it? Tendons Fibrous capsule Ligaments Fat pads

tendons

In a shoulder separation, __________. the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation the clavicle and sternum separate muscles attached to the clavicle and scapula are torn there is partial or complete separation of the humeral head from the scapula at the glenohumoral joint

the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation

Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial hinge joint? The atlantoaxial articulation The articulation between the proximal and medial phalanges The tibia and fibula with the talus The elbow

the atlantoaxial

eversion

turning sole of the foot outward

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

lateral/external rotation

turns the bone outward; anterior surface moves away from midline

lateral flexion

vertebral column bends to the side

angular motion

while the pencil is on the "origin" or while the tip is held stationary, the pencil moves left right, up down, changing the angle between the pencil and the pencil

example of gliding joint

wrist and ankle; between adjacent vertebrae

example of a ellipsoidal/condyloid joint

wrist; knuckle between metacarpals and phalanges

The elbow joint is much more stable than the shoulder joint. Which of the following is NOT a cause for the stability in the elbow joint? The elbow has a cuff of muscular tendons stabilizing the joint. The ulna interlocks with the humerus. There is an extensive articular capsule around the elbow joint. Strong ligaments surround the joint capsule.

The elbow has a cuff of muscular tendons stabilizing the joint.

What is the unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton? The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion. The strength of the joint and the range of motion are unrelated. The stronger the joint, the less restricted the range of motion. The weaker the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.

The stronger joint, the more restricted the range of motion.

sprain

ligaments with torn collagen fibers

Stabilizing Factors at Synovial Joints

1. Shapes of articular surfaces (minor role) 2. Ligament number and location (limited role) 3. Muscle tone, which keeps tendons that cross the joint taut • Extremely important in reinforcing shoulder and knee joints and arches of the foot

What is the term for a slightly movable joint? Amphiarthrosis Suture Diarthrosis Synarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

plantar flexion

ankle extension, toe pointing

medial/internal rotation

anterior surface moves toward midline

What is the term for rheumatic diseases that affect the synovial joints? Arthritis Herniation Sprain Dislocation

arthritis

Vertebrae are separated by pads of fibrocartilage called __________. intervertebral discs fat pads menisci intervertebral ligaments

intervertebral discs

You are hiking in the mountains and the trail goes around the side of the mountain. The trail slopes outwards such that your feet are tilted and one foot is below the other. What are the movements to position your feet that let you walk on the tilted trail? Inversion and eversion Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion Lateral flexion and medial flexion Elevation and depression

inversion and eversion

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? Joining the bones together Lubrication Nutrient supply Shock absorption

joining the bones together

Fibrocartilage pads are important in stabilizing which joint? Knee Elbow Shoulder Hip

knee

Which joint includes the patella? Knee Elbow Shoulder Hip

knee

depression

lowering a body part - movement in an inferior or downward direction

What is the term for the pad of fibrocartilage found between opposing bones in some synovial joints? Meniscus Tendon sheath Bursa Bunion

meniscus

abduction

movement AWAY from the midline of the body "abduct"

adduction

movement TOWARDS the midline of the body

opposition

movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

retraction

movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane think putting your jaw back inward - overbite

dorsiflexsion

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle think dorsal is the back, and you point your feet towards your back

protraction

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground think jutting your jaw out - underbite

left and right rotation

moving the head left and right

In a ball and socket shoulder joint, what structure is the ball and what is the socket? The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity. The ball is the articular cartilage and the socket is the coracoid process. The ball is the humeral epiphysis and the socket is the glenoid labrum. The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the acromion process.

the ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity

Which of the following statements about the knee is FALSE? The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula. All of the listed responses are correct. The cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments that stabilize the femur. The knee is a biaxial hinge joint.

the bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula

A complete dislocation of the knee is extremely unlikely because of __________. the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint the pair of cartilaginous pads that surround the knee the presence of bursae, which reduce friction the presence of the medial and lateral muscles

the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint

rotation

the tip of the pencil is stationary, and the angle of the pencil and paper stay the same, and you just twist the pencil - rotating it

dislocation (luxation)

the total displacement of a bone from its joint

example of a saddle joint

thumb