Chapter 9 Modules - Alasti Articulations test
If the nucleus pulposus breaks through the outer fibrocartilage ring of the intervertebral disc, this condition is called ____________. a herniated disc a slipped disc a bulging disc a dislocation
a herniated disc
slipped disc
a vertebral disc that is displaced or partly protruding, pressing on nearby nerves and causing back pain or sciatica
Which of the following describes movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane? Abduction Extension Flexion Adduction
abduction
If you run your fingers along the superior surface of the shoulder joint, you will feel the process called the __________. acromion styloid coronoid coracoid
acromion
Which type(s) of joints connect(s) the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals? All of the listed responses are correct. An ellipsoidal joint A synovial joint A biaxial joint
all of the listed response are correct
Why is the elbow joint quite stable? All of the listed responses are correct. The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. The capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments. The articular capsule is very thick.
all of the listed responses are correct
The joint surfaces of the bones of a synovial joint are covered with _______________. articular cartilage fibrous connective tissue a bursa ligaments
articular cartilage
Even though the specific cause varies, arthritis always involves damage to the __________. articular cartilages epiphyseal discs accessory ligaments bursae
articular cartilages
example of pivot joint
atlas and axis - neck
The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the __________. back of the knee joint anterior surface of the knee joint inside of the joint capsule lateral surface of the knee joint
back of the knee joint
What type of joint is the shoulder joint? ball-and-socket gliding saddle hinge
ball-and-socket
Which type of synovial joint is the most freely movable and performs all combinations of angular and rotational movements? Ball-and-socket Hinge Pivot Gliding
ball-and-socket
Which of the following describes an articulation that allows movement along two axes? Biaxial Ball-and-socket Triaxial Monoaxial
biaxial
When the nucleus pulposus is compressed by the adjacent vertebrae, causing distortion of the anulus fibrosus into the spinal canal, the result is a __________. bulging disc broken tailbone herniated disc compression fracture
bulging disc
A fluid-filled pocket containing synovial fluid that is found in joints and protects where a tendon or ligament rubs against a bone is a __________. bursa fat pad meniscus bunion
bursa
Which of the following are small pockets filled with synovial fluid and are found where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues? Bursae Articular cartilages Menisci Fat pads
bursae
accessory structures of a synovial joint (list)
cartilages fat pads ligaments tendons bursae
You have been called to the whiteboard in geometry class, and told to draw a circle, 1 foot in diameter, on the board. What movement would you be doing with your arm to draw the circle? Circumduction Rotation Extension Abduction
circumduction
circumduction
complete circular movement
herniated disc
condition in which the annulus fibrosus of the disc is torn, enabling the nucleus pulposus to herniate or extrude through the fibers, compressing nerves around the disc
cartilages of synovial joints
cushions the joint ex. fibrocartilage meniscus
flexion
decreases the angle of a joint ex. bending elbow
Which of the following organ systems is responsible for providing the minerals, calcium, and phosphate required for bone growth? Digestive system Respiratory system Muscular system Integumentary system
digestive system
What is the term for the condition that results when articulating bone surfaces are subjected to severe stress and are forced out of their normal positions? Dislocation Rheumatism Strain Sprain
dislocation
example of hinge joint
elbow and knee
What two movements are carried out when you open and close your mouth? Elevation and depression Inversion and eversion Abduction and adduction Flexion and extension
elevation and depression
The metacarpal and metatarsal bones articulate with the fingers and the toes, respectively. This creates what type of synovial joint? Ellipsoid Hinge Pivot Saddle
ellipsoid
When you are doing pushups and you start in the prone position, what movement of the elbow joint is performed to raise your body up? Extension Elevation Abduction Flexion
extension
hyperextension
extension beyond anatomical position
Structures that are associated with a synovial joint but are commonly superficial to the joint capsule and that help protect the articular cartilage are ____________. fat pads ligaments bursae synovial fluid
fat pads
The type of tissue that comprises the outer ring of the intervertebral disc is _______. fibrocartilage spongy bone elastic cartilage dense regular connective tissue
fibrocartilage
What is the structural classification of the joints that form when the bones of the cranium grow and articulate as a structure in an infant? Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Bony joints Synovial joints
fibrous joints
Which of the following ligaments does NOT connect the tibia and the femur? Fibular collateral ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Tibial collateral ligament Posterior cruciate ligament
fibular collateral ligament
Which of the following describes movement that reduces the angle between two articulating bones? Flexion Abduction Adduction Extension
flexion
Movements of the vertebral column are limited to __________. flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation flexion and extension rotation lateral flexion
flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
The type of joint that involves flat or slightly curved joint surfaces and that allows slight nonaxial movement is a ________ joint. gliding condylar pivot ball and socket
gliding
The type of joint that allows flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column is a ____________. gliding joint symphysis hinge joint condylar joint
gliding joint
The fibrous joint that holds a tooth in the bony socket of the jawbone is a ____________. gomphosis suture synostosis syndesmosis
gomphosis
saddle joint
have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle
What type of joint is the elbow? hinge ball-and-socket saddle gliding
hinge
Which joint includes structures such as the acetabulum, ligamentum teres, and iliofemoral ligament? Hip Shoulder Elbow Knee
hip
linear motion
imagine a pencil, straight up and down on a paper, and you move it back and forth, right left, up down, and do not change the pencil's angle
extension
increases the angle of a joint ex. straightening the arm
tendons
muscle to bone helps support joint
The soft, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc is called the __________. nucleus pulposus ligamentum flavum ligamentum nuchae anulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
pivot joint
only permits rotation
What is responsible for the dynamic nature of the skeleton and its continual remodeling? Osteoblast and osteoclast activity Diet Age The matrix of bone
osteoblast and osteoclast activity
ellipsoidal/condyloid joint
oval condyle fits into elliptical (oval) depression
pronation
palm down
supination
palm up (anatomical position) "holding a bowl of soup"
subluxation
partial dislocation
hinge joint
permits motion in only one plane
What are the two types of joints that allow rotation? Pivot joints and ball-and-socket joints Pivot joints and gliding joints Ball-and-socket joints and saddle joints Gliding joints and ball-and-socket joints
pivot joints and ball-and-socket joints
If you are standing on your tiptoes to reach something on the upper shelf, what movement are you doing with your feet? Plantar flexion Elevation Inversion Dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
The movement in which the palm is moved to face posteriorly is _______. pronation supination flexion extension
pronation
You can make a scary face by grabbing your upper lip with your bottom teeth. When you do this, your mandible moves in an anterior direction. This is an example of __________. protraction depression elevation retraction
protraction
The amphiarthrotic articulation that allows limited movement between the two pubic bones is the __________. pubic symphysis pubic tubercle greater sciatic notch obturator foramen
pubic symphysis
elevation
raising a body part - movement in a superior or upward direction
Pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal and/or muscular system may be caused by __________. rheumatism osteoporosis a herniated disc anulus fibrosus
rheumatism
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease affecting the joints? Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoporosis Gouty arthritis Osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
ball-and-socket joint
round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of synovial joints? Short fibers connecting two bones Accessory structures such as bursae and fat pads Articular cartilages A fluid-filled joint cavity
short fibers connecting two bones
With what joint is the term rotator cuff associated? Shoulder Knee Hip Elbow
shoulder
example of a ball-and-socket joint
shoulder and hip shoulder: glenoid fossa and head of humerus hip: acetabulum and head of femur
Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? Shoulder joint Knee joint Elbow joint Hip joint
shoulder joint
Circumduction
similar to angular movement, but in a circular motion
gliding joints (plane joints)
sliding back and forth; twisting
bursae
small sacs filled with synovial fluid that ease friction in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences pockets of synovial fluid, cushions areas where tendons or ligaments rub
When a ligament is stretched to the point that some of the collagen fibers are torn, the resulting injury is called a __________. sprain dancer's fracture dislocation strain
sprain
fat pads of synovial joints
superficial to the joint capsule, protect articular cartilages
accessory ligaments of synovial joints
support, strengthen joints bone to bone
What is the term for an immovable joint that holds together the flat bones of the skull? Suture Symphysis Synchondrosis Diarthrosis
suture
Joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degrees of movement. From the following selections, choose the group of terms that identifies the joints in this order: no movement, slightly movable, freely movable. Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis Synarthrosis, diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis Amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, diarthrosis Diarthrosis, synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
Which joint results from the fusion of two bones? Synostosis Synchondrosis Symphysis Syndesmosis
synostosis
A freely movable diarthrotic joint is always what type of structural joint? Synovial Fibrous Cartilaginous Bony
synovial
There are structures that prevent excessive movement and stabilize the joint. Which structure does NOT help stabilize a synovial joint? Synovial fluid Skeletal muscles Tendons Shape of the joint surfaces
synovial fluid
Which type of joint is freely movable? Synovial joint Synchondrosis Symphysis Syndesmosis
synovial joint
The distal end of the tibia articulates with the __________ to form a synovial __________ joint. talus; hinge calcaneus; saddle talus; saddle calcaneus; hinge
talus;hinge
The structures that pass across or around a joint, limiting range of motion and providing support, are __________. tendons adhesions ligaments cartilage
tendons
What structure is NOT part of a synovial joint but may still support it? Tendons Fibrous capsule Ligaments Fat pads
tendons
In a shoulder separation, __________. the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation the clavicle and sternum separate muscles attached to the clavicle and scapula are torn there is partial or complete separation of the humeral head from the scapula at the glenohumoral joint
the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial hinge joint? The atlantoaxial articulation The articulation between the proximal and medial phalanges The tibia and fibula with the talus The elbow
the atlantoaxial
eversion
turning sole of the foot outward
inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward
lateral/external rotation
turns the bone outward; anterior surface moves away from midline
lateral flexion
vertebral column bends to the side
angular motion
while the pencil is on the "origin" or while the tip is held stationary, the pencil moves left right, up down, changing the angle between the pencil and the pencil
example of gliding joint
wrist and ankle; between adjacent vertebrae
example of a ellipsoidal/condyloid joint
wrist; knuckle between metacarpals and phalanges
The elbow joint is much more stable than the shoulder joint. Which of the following is NOT a cause for the stability in the elbow joint? The elbow has a cuff of muscular tendons stabilizing the joint. The ulna interlocks with the humerus. There is an extensive articular capsule around the elbow joint. Strong ligaments surround the joint capsule.
The elbow has a cuff of muscular tendons stabilizing the joint.
What is the unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton? The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion. The strength of the joint and the range of motion are unrelated. The stronger the joint, the less restricted the range of motion. The weaker the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.
The stronger joint, the more restricted the range of motion.
sprain
ligaments with torn collagen fibers
Stabilizing Factors at Synovial Joints
1. Shapes of articular surfaces (minor role) 2. Ligament number and location (limited role) 3. Muscle tone, which keeps tendons that cross the joint taut • Extremely important in reinforcing shoulder and knee joints and arches of the foot
What is the term for a slightly movable joint? Amphiarthrosis Suture Diarthrosis Synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
plantar flexion
ankle extension, toe pointing
medial/internal rotation
anterior surface moves toward midline
What is the term for rheumatic diseases that affect the synovial joints? Arthritis Herniation Sprain Dislocation
arthritis
Vertebrae are separated by pads of fibrocartilage called __________. intervertebral discs fat pads menisci intervertebral ligaments
intervertebral discs
You are hiking in the mountains and the trail goes around the side of the mountain. The trail slopes outwards such that your feet are tilted and one foot is below the other. What are the movements to position your feet that let you walk on the tilted trail? Inversion and eversion Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion Lateral flexion and medial flexion Elevation and depression
inversion and eversion
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? Joining the bones together Lubrication Nutrient supply Shock absorption
joining the bones together
Fibrocartilage pads are important in stabilizing which joint? Knee Elbow Shoulder Hip
knee
Which joint includes the patella? Knee Elbow Shoulder Hip
knee
depression
lowering a body part - movement in an inferior or downward direction
What is the term for the pad of fibrocartilage found between opposing bones in some synovial joints? Meniscus Tendon sheath Bursa Bunion
meniscus
abduction
movement AWAY from the midline of the body "abduct"
adduction
movement TOWARDS the midline of the body
opposition
movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips
retraction
movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane think putting your jaw back inward - overbite
dorsiflexsion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle think dorsal is the back, and you point your feet towards your back
protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground think jutting your jaw out - underbite
left and right rotation
moving the head left and right
In a ball and socket shoulder joint, what structure is the ball and what is the socket? The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity. The ball is the articular cartilage and the socket is the coracoid process. The ball is the humeral epiphysis and the socket is the glenoid labrum. The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the acromion process.
the ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity
Which of the following statements about the knee is FALSE? The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula. All of the listed responses are correct. The cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments that stabilize the femur. The knee is a biaxial hinge joint.
the bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula
A complete dislocation of the knee is extremely unlikely because of __________. the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint the pair of cartilaginous pads that surround the knee the presence of bursae, which reduce friction the presence of the medial and lateral muscles
the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint
rotation
the tip of the pencil is stationary, and the angle of the pencil and paper stay the same, and you just twist the pencil - rotating it
dislocation (luxation)
the total displacement of a bone from its joint
example of a saddle joint
thumb