Chapter 9
Smoke Detection System
A category of fire detection systems that focuses on detecting the smoke from a fire.
Gaseous Emission System
Fire suppression systems that operate through the delivery of gases rather than water.
Facilities Management
The aspect of organizational management focused on the development and maintenance of its buildings and physical infrastructure.
Triboelectrification
The exchange of electrons between two materials when they make contact, resulting in one object becoming more positively charged and the other more negatively charged.
Tailgating
The process of gaining unauthorized entry into a facility by closely following another person through an entrance and using the credentials of the authorized person to bypass a control point.
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The release of ambient static electricity into a ground.
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
The transmission of radiant energy through space, commonly referred to as radio waves.
Class C Fire
These fires are caused by energized electrical equipment or appliances.
Class K Fire
These fires are fueled by combustible cooking oil and fats in commercial kitchens.
Class B Fire
These fires are fueled by combustible liquids or gases, such as solvents, gasoline, paint, lacquer, and oil.
Class D Fire
These fires are fueled by combustible metals, such as magnesium, lithium, and sodium.
Class A Fire
These fires involve ordinary combustible fuels such as wood, paper, textiles, rubber, cloth, and trash.
Virtual Organization
A group of people brought together for a specific task, usually from different organizations, divisions, or departments.
water mist sprinkler
A fire suppression sprinkler system that relies on ultra-fine mists to reduce the ambient temperature below that needed to sustain a flame.
Sprinkler System
A fire suppression system designed to apply a liquid, usually water, to all areas in which a fire has been detected.
TEMPEST
A U.S. government program designed to protect computers from electronic remote eavesdropping by reducing EMR emissions.
line-interactive UPS
A UPS in which a pair of inverters and converters draw power from the outside source both to charge the battery and provide power to the internal protected device.
Standby ferroresonant UPS
A UPS in which the outside power source directly feeds the internal protected device. The UPS serves as a battery backup, incorporating a ferroresonant transformer instead of a converter switch, providing line filtering and reducing the effect of some power problems, and reducing noise that may be present in the power as it is delivered.
Double Conversion Online UPS
A UPS in which the protected device draws power from an output inverter. The inverter is powered by the UPS battery, which is constantly recharged from the outside power.
Thermal Detection System
A category of fire detection systems that focuses on detecting the heat from a fire.
Identification Card
A document used to verify the identity of a member of an organization, group, or domain.
Rate-of-rise Sensors
A fire detection sensor that works by detecting an unusually rapid increase in the area temperature within a relatively short period of time.
Fixed-temperature Sensor
A fire detection sensor that works by detecting the point at which the ambient temperature in an area reaches a predetermined level.
Ionization Sensor
A fire detection sensor that works by exposing the ambient air to a small amount of a harmless radioactive material within a detection chamber; an alarm is triggered when the level of electrical conductivity changes within the chamber.
Photoelectric Sensor
A fire detection sensor that works by projecting an infrared beam across an area. If the beam is interrupted, presumably by smoke, the alarm or suppression system is activated.
Air-Aspiration Detectors
A fire detection sensor used in high-sensitivity areas that works by taking in air, filtering it, and passing it through a chamber that contains a laser beam. The alarm triggers if the beam is broken.
Flame Detector
A fire detection system that works by detecting the infrared or ultraviolet light produced by an open flame.
Clean Agent
A fire suppression agent that does not leave any residue after use or interfere with the operation of electrical or electronic equipment.
Wet-Pipe System
A fire suppression sprinkler system that contains pressurized water in all pipes and has some form of valve in each protected area.
Pre-action System
A fire suppression sprinkler system that employs a two-phase response to a fire. When a fire is detected anywhere in the facility, the system will first flood all pipes, then activate only the sprinkler heads in the area of the fire.
Dry Pipe System
A fire suppression sprinkler system that has pressurized air in all pipes. The air is released in the event of a fire, allowing water to flow from a central area.
Deluge system
A fire suppression sprinkler system that keeps all individual sprinkler heads open and applies water to all areas when activated.
Electromechanical Lock
A lock that can accept a variety of inputs as keys, including magnetic strips on ID cards, radio signals from badges, personal identification numbers (PINs) typed into a keypad, or some combination of these to activate an electrically powered locking mechanism.
Biometric Lock
A lock that reads a unique biological attribute such as a fingerprint, iris, retina, or palm and then uses that input as a key.
Secure Facility
A physical location that has controls in place to minimize the risk of attacks from physical threats.
Mechanical Lock
A physical lock that may rely on either a key or numerical combination to rotate tumblers and release the hasp. Also known as a manual lock.
Mantrap
A small room or enclosure with separate entry and exit points, designed to restrain a person who fails an access authorization attempt.
Plenum
A space between the ceiling in one level of a commercial building and the floor of the level above. The plenum is used for air return.
Ground Fault Circuit Interruption
A special circuit device designed to immediately disconnect a power supply when a sudden discharge (ground fault) is detected.
closed circuit television (CCTV)
A video capture and recording system used to monitor a facility.
Telecommuting
A work arrangement in which employees work from an off-site location and connect to an organization's equipment electronically. Also known as telework.
Thermal Detector
An alarm sensor designed to detect a defined rate of change in the ambient temperature within a defined space.
Contact and Weight Sensor
An alarm sensor designed to detect increased pressure or contact at a specific location, such as a floor pad or a window.
Motion Detector
An alarm sensor designed to detect movement within a defined space.
Fail-Safe Lock
An electromechanical device that automatically releases the lock protecting a control point if a power outage occurs. This type of lock is used for fire safety locations.
Fail-Secure Lock
An electromechanical device that stays locked and maintains the security of the control point if a power outage occurs.
Proximity Reader
An electronic signal receiver used with an electromechanical lock that allows users to place their cards within the reader's range and release the locking mechanism.
Badge
An identification card typically worn in a visible location to quickly verify an authorized member.
Static Electricity
An imbalance of electrical charges in the atmosphere or on the surface of a material, caused by triboelectrification
Standby or Offline UPS
An offline battery backup that detects the interruption of power to equipment and activates a transfer switch that provides power from batteries through a DC to AC converter until normal power is restored or the computer is shut down.
delta conversion online UPS
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that is similar to a double conversion online UPS except that it incorporates a delta transformer, which assists in powering the inverter while outside power is available.
Fire Suppression System
Devices that are installed and maintained to detect and respond to a fire, potential fire, or combustion danger.