chapter 9 orion--- anatomy

The joint between the femur and the acetabulum is a A. hinge joint B. condyloid joint C. ball-and-socket joint D. planar joint

C. ball-and-socket joint

Ligaments consist of dense regular or irregular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. A. True B. False

B. False

Also known as an articulation, a/an _____________ is a point of contact between two bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth.

joint

When the femur is adducted, the ischiofemoral ligament is __________________ than when the femur is abducted.

looser

For the sagittal suture, which of the following is true? A. The parietal bones are connected by dense irregular connective tissue. B. The parietal bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. C. The parietal and frontal bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. D. The parietal and frontal bones are connected by dense irregular connective tissue.

A. The parietal bones are connected by dense irregular connective tissue.

Tendon sheaths are tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons to block infection. A. True B. False

B. False

How many bursa are associated with the shoulder joint? A. two B. four C. three D. five

B. four

How is the tension of the ischiofemoral ligament affected by abduction of the femur? A. it decreases B. it increases C. it remains unchanged

B. it increases

Which of the following may be used as replacements for the natural joint structures during arthroplasty? Select all that apply. A. leather B. metal C. rubber D. ceramic E. plastic

B. metal D. ceramic E. plastic

A symphysis is a type of cartilaginous joint. Where might you find one? A. femur B. pelvis C. cranium D. thoracic cage

B. pelvis

Which of the following bone pairs are connected by an interosseous membrane? Select all that apply. A. humerus and scapula B. radius and ulna C. femur and patella D. temporal and parietal E. tibia and fibula

B. radius and ulna E. tibia and fibula

Where does synovial fluid come from? A. suture B. synovial membrane C. compact bone D. articular cartilage

B. synovial membrane

Which bones form the temporomandibular joint? A. temporal and zygomatic B. temporal and mandible C. zygomatic and maxilla D. mandible and maxilla

B. temporal and mandible

The capitulum of the _________ articulates with the head of the radius. A. capals B. ulna C. scapula D. humerus

D. humerus

Your patient is an elderly man complaining of joint pain. You tell your patient "It's very common for a patient of your age to have degeneration in that joint." Which of the joints below is most likely to have age-related degeneration? A. intercarpal B. hip C. suture D. TMJ

B. hip

________________ is the repair of damaged natural joints with artificial ones

arthroplasty

The _______________ meniscus is a semicircular piece of fibrocartilage found in the knee joint, where it helps circulate synovial fluid.

medial

Which structure holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the scapula? A. articular capsule B. glenoid labrum C. rotator cuff D. bursa

C. rotator cuff

An interosseous membrane is composed of A. dense regular connective tissue B. hyaline cartilage C. loose areolar connective tissue D. dense irregular connective tissue

D. dense irregular connective tissue

Where is the weakest point in the shoulder joint? A. superior B. lateral C. inferior D. medial

C. inferior

Symphyses are joints found in the axial skeleton that is composed of A. fibrocartilage B. dense irregular connective tissue C. adipose D. hyaline cartilage

A. fibrocartilage

The articulations in the knee include how many joints within the synovial cavity? A. three B. two C. one D. four

A. three

Which bone is involved with forming the ankle joint? A. cuboid B. lateral malleolus of fibula C. calcaneus D. navicular

B. lateral malleolus of fibula

Which joints in adults permit movement? Select all that apply. A. sutures B. amphiarthrosis C. diarthrosis D. synarthrosis

B. amphiarthrosis C. diarthrosis

The elbow is formed by a/an __________ joint where the humerus articulates with the radius and ulna. A. ball-and-socket B. pivot C. hinge D. planar

C. hinge

The TMJ is A. moveable only in the sagittal plane. B. partially moveable. C. freely moveable. D. immovable.

C. freely moveable.

Which of the following ligaments found in the hip joint prevents overabduction of the femur? A. transverse B. iliofemoral C. ischiofemoral D. pubofemoral

D. pubofemoral

In the newborn, sutures are slightly moveable. A. True B. False

A. True

A ballerina dancing on her toes, picking up a quarter, chewing a bite of banana--which do these movements have in common? A. They are all angular movements of synovial joints. B. They are all rotational movements of diarthroses. C. They are all special movements of synovial joints. D. They are all angular movements of diarthroses.

C. They are all special movements of synovial joints.

Which of the following is an example of a functional classification of a joint? A. amphiarthrosis B. synarthrosis C. all of the choices are correct D. diarthrosis

C. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following is known as a slightly moveable joint? A. diarthrosis B. synchrondrosis C. amphiarthrosis D. synarthrosis

C. amphiarthrosis

The fibular collateral ligaments in the knee joints are A. functionally a symphysis of fibrocartilage B. present in place of a synovial membrane C. composed of dense regular connective tissue D. involved in secreting synovial fluid

C. composed of dense regular connective tissue

Which of the following is known as a freely moveable joint? A. amphiarthrosis B. synarthrosis C. diarthrosis D. synchrondrosis

C. diarthrosis

Beth Jackson is scheduled for a total knee replacement tomorrow. She wants to know which bones will be involved in the procedure. Which would you tell her? A. femur and tibia B. femur and patella C. femur, patella, and tibia D. femur, tibia, patella, and fibula

C. femur, patella, and tibia

Chelsea is a young gymnast that is working on doing the "splits" in practice. Which structure is she working against? A. transverse ligament of the acetabulum B. acetabular labrum C. pubofemoral ligament D. ileofemoral ligament

C. pubofemoral ligament

Joints that allow movement in three different planes are called A. biaxial. B. all of the choices are correct. C. triaxial. D. uniaxial.

C. triaxial.

Joints in the human body can be classified _____________ or functionally.

structurally

Articular discs are also known as menisci. a. true b. false

a. true

Identify all of the lateral ligaments. Select all that apply. A. tibionavilcular B. posterior tibiotalar C. calcaneofibular D. posterior talofibular

C. calcaneofibular D. posterior talofibular

Dense irregular connective tissue without a synovial cavity would be found connecting the bones involved in which type of joint? A. cartilaginous B. synovial C. fibrous

C. fibrous

The lateral malleolus of the _________ articulates with the talus. A. tibia B. metatarsal C. fibula D. femur

C. fibula

The posterior cruciate ligaments prevents A. lateral sliding of the femur B. anterior sliding of the tibia C. lateral sliding of the tibia D. posterior sliding of the tibia

D. posterior sliding of the tibia

Joints that incorporate a lubricated cavity are known as A. cartilaginous joints. B. fibrous joints. C. all of the choices are correct. D. synovial joints.

D. synovial joints.

Bursae are usually filled with A. plasma B. intracellular fluid C. blood D. synovial-like fluid

D. synovial-like fluid

Which of the following reduces the range of motion of a particular joint? A.consistent usage B. weak tendons C. relaxin D. tense ligaments

D. tense ligaments

The acetabular labrum performs which of the following functions in the coxal joint? A. It increases the depth of the articulation so dislocations are less likely. B. It prevents overabduction of the femur and strengthens the articular capsule. C. It connects the femur and acetabulum, and allows rotational movement. D. It decreases the angle of articulation between the femur and acetabulum

A. It increases the depth of the articulation so dislocations are less likely.

Movement in the inferior compartment of the TMJ includes A. depression B. protraction C. slight rotation D. retraction

A. depression

A gomphosis is another example of a syndesmosis. A. True B. False

A. True

Identify all of the deltoid ligaments. Select all that apply. A. calcaneofibular B. tibionavilcular C. posterior talofibular D. posterior tibiotalar

B. tibionavilcular D. posterior tibiotalar

During a baseball game, Mark sprained his ankle as he was running bases and stepped on second base in an awkward way. Based on the relative strength of the ankle ligaments, which part of the ankle is likely sprined? A. the dorsal side B. the medial side C. the ventral side D. the lateral side

D. the lateral side

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body, but which of the following gives it most of its strength? A. the bursae that cushion the bones B. the depth of the articulation C. the ligaments that connect the bones D. the muscles that cross the joint

D. the muscles that cross the joint

Bones that form joints are either held together by solid masses of connective tissue or by a connective tissue capsule that surrounds a fluid filled cavity. A. True B. False

A. True

The radial notch of the ulna holds the head of the radius. Which part of the elbow joint helps stabilize this articulation? A. ulnar collateral ligament B. anular ligament of the radius C. radial collateral ligament

B. anular ligament of the radius

The meniscus of the TMJ is a A. tendon sheath B. bursa C. fibrocartilage disc D. ligament

C. fibrocartilage disc

The dense irregular connective tissue between a tooth and the alveolar bone of the mandible or maxilla is called the A. dental ligament. B. all of the choices are correct. C. gomphosis ligament. D peridontal ligament.

D peridontal ligament.

As a general rule, ligaments refer to dense irregular or regular connective tissue structures that connect bones to muscles. A. True B. False

B. False

Which is an age-related change in the joints that is associated with aging? A. lengthening ligaments B. decreased ligament flexibility C. excessive synovial fluid production D. thicking articular cartilage

B. decreased ligament flexibility

What is circumduction? Select all that apply. A. Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle. B. Movement of a bone away from the midline. C. Movement of a bone around its own axis. D. A sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction and rotation

A. Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle. D. A sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction and rotation

Which of the following statements about synovial joints is NOT correct? A. The surfaces of the articulating bones are covered by a layer of elastic cartilage. B. They range from slightly moveable to very moveable. C. They are characterized by the presence of a cavity. D. All of the choices are correct.

A. The surfaces of the articulating bones are covered by a layer of elastic cartilage.

John is skipping and swinging his arms back and forth. Which of the following describes the movements of John's arms that are occurring at the shoulder joint? A. flexion, extension, and hyperextension B. abduction and adduction C. lateral and medial rotation D. dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

A. flexion, extension, and hyperextension

The hormone _______________ is produced during late pregnancy and helps loosen the pelvic girdle for childbirth.

relaxin

Which happens to articular cartilage as a person ages? A. It thins and does not cushion joints as well. B. It widens and increases the articular surfaces. C. It lengthens and increases the size of the articular capsule. D. It thickens and prevents bones from moving easily.

A. It thins and does not cushion joints as well.

Factors that go into determining the range of motion of a joint include (select all that apply) A. arrangement of the muscles B. shapes of the articulating bones C. hormones D. strength of the joint ligaments

A. arrangement of the muscles B. shapes of the articulating bones C. hormones D. strength of the joint ligaments

Which of the following are movements that can occur at the TMJ? Select all that apply. A. depression B. extension C. elevation D. eversion E. flexion F. inversion

A. depression C. elevation

A joint between the distal and proximal carpals could be a A. diarthrotic plane joint B. amphiarthrotic condyloid joint C. amphiarthrotic plane joint D. diarthrotic condyloid joint

A. diarthrotic plane joint

John loves to show off his double-jointed capabilities at parties. While this tends to entertain his friends, John is also more at risk than his friends for A. dislocating joints B. arthritis C. bone fractures D. bone cancer

A. dislocating joints

The angle of the articulating bones participating in a gliding movement A. does not change significantly B. decreases more than 30% C. increases more than 30%

A. does not change significantly

Which type of movement is permitted at the joints between the sternum and 6th pair of ribs? A. gliding B. rotating C. flexing D. adducting

A. gliding

The articulation in the hip joint forms between the acetabulum of the pelvis and which part of the femur? A. head B. lesser trochanter C. neck D. greater trochanter

A. head

Which of these joints provides special movements like elevation and protraction? A. jaw B. elbow C. knee D. phalanges

A. jaw

Which of the following are joints that allow movement in only one axis? Select all that apply. A. radioulnar B. atlanto-axial C. elbow D. intertarsal E. acromioclavicular F. hip

A. radioulnar B. atlanto-axial C. elbow

The bodies of the vertebrae are connected by a/an A. symphysis that allows slight lateral flexion B. synchondrosis that is an immovable joint C. epiphyseal plate that will ossify in adulthood D. interosseous membrane that allows slight rotation

A. symphysis that allows slight lateral flexion

Many of the articulations between bones in the appendicular skeleton are A. synovial joints B. synarthrotic joints C. cartilaginous joints D. amphiarthrotic joints

A. synovial joints

The ankle joint is supported by numerous ligaments that strengthen it (such as the lateral and deltoid ligaments). The anterior and posterior portion are relatively weak because A. the articular capsule is thin anteriorly and posteriorly B. the deltoid ligaments wrap around the anterior and posterior aspects but do not attach there C. there are no ligaments in the anterior/posterior aspects of the ankle joint D. the posterior talofibular ligament is weak

A. the articular capsule is thin anteriorly and posteriorly

The patellar ligament of the knee joint connects the patella to the A. tibia. B. quadricepts femoris muscle. C. all of the choices are correct. D. fibula

A. tibia.

Your patient is a rugby player who injured his knee. He is diagnosed with an unhappy triad and wants to know which parts of the knee joint are involved. Choose the appropriate parts from the list below.Select all that apply. A. tibial collateral ligament B. posterior cruciate ligament C. anterior cruciate ligament D. medial meniscus E. fibular collateral ligament F. arcuate popliteal ligament G. lateral meniscus

A. tibial collateral ligament C. anterior cruciate ligament D. medial meniscus

The manubrium is joined to the body of the sternum by a/an A. synchondrosis made of fibrocartilage and a bursa B. symphysis made of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage C. epiphyseal plate made of hyaline cartilage D. gomphosis made of dense irregular connective tissue

B. symphysis made of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage

When bones stop growing in length the synchondrosis joint becomes a A. symphysis B. synostosis C. syndesmosis D. suture

B. synostosis

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint? A. the hip, which rotates and performs angular movements B. the elbow, which performs flexion and extension C. the TMJ, which performs flexion and extension D. the shoulder, which rotates and performs angular movements

B. the elbow, which performs flexion and extension

The most flexible joint of the human body is the A. knee B. elbow C. shoulder D. hip

C. shoulder

The articulation at the elbow forms a A. pivot joint in which the trochlea of the humerus fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna B. pivot joint in which the trochlea of the ulna fits into the trochlear notch of the humerus C. hinge joint in which the trochlea of the ulna fits into the trochlear notch of the humerus D. hinge joint in which the trochlea of the humerus fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna

D. hinge joint in which the trochlea of the humerus fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna

The articulating surfaces of the bones involved in a synovial joint are covered by A. dense regular connective tissue B. fibrocartilage C. dense irregular connective tissue D. hyaline cartilage

D. hyaline cartilage

Adduction of the thumb moves the thumb A. away from the carpals B. away from the palm of the hand C. toward the carpals D. toward the palm of the hand

D. toward the palm of the hand

The elbow joint allows A. all of the choices are correct. B. flexion-hyperflexion. C. flexion-extension. D. extesion-hyperextension.

C. flexion-extension.

Your patient has been wearing a cast on her wrist after surgery. When it is cut off, she may express that the joint A. has increased flexibility B. is swollen C. has decreased range of motion D. retained its muscular tension

C. has decreased range of motion

If the ligaments connecting two bones are tense, the joint will A. allow rotational movement B. form a synarthrosis C. have restricted movement D. ossify during fetal development

C. have restricted movement

The ankle joint is a _________ joint. A. pivot B. ball-and-socket C. hinge D. planar

C. hinge

Mr. Jenkins is scheduled for a partial hip replacement tomorrow. He has some questions about the procedure. Which of the following might you tell him? A. The femoral component that will be used is made of plastic. B. The acetabular component that will be used is made of metal. C. The acetabular component that will be used is made of plastic. D. The femoral component that will be used is made of metal.

D. The femoral component that will be used is made of metal.

With respect to the TMJ joint, the articular disc separates the joint capsule into A. superior and inferior parts. B. posterior and anterior parts. C. ipsilateral and contralateral parts. D. medial and lateral parts.

A. superior and inferior parts.

The atlanto-axial joint is an example of a/an A. trochoid joint that allows uniaxial rotational movement B. spheroid joint that allows multiaxial flexion, abduction, and rotation C. sellar joint that allows biaxial flexion and abduction D. ellipsoidal joint that allows biaxial flexion and abduction

A. trochoid joint that allows uniaxial rotational movement

Joints that are functional diarthroses include the A. vertebrocostal joints B. pubic symphysis C. sutures in the skull D. sternum and 1st pair of ribs

A. vertebrocostal joints

Which of the following are examples of fibrous joints? A. syndesmoses B. sutures C. interosseous membranes D. all of the choices are correct

D. all of the choices are correct

People who are bedridden for long periods of time often experience muscular A. atrophy, which leads to increased joint range of motion B. tension, which leads to decreased joint range of motion C. tension, which leads to increased joint range of motion D. atrophy, which leads to decreased joint range of motion

D. atrophy, which leads to decreased joint range of motion

The triaxial synovial joint in the body is a A. hinge joint B. saddle joint C. pivot joint D. ball-and-socket joint

D. ball-and-socket joint

The fibrocartilage in a symphysis forms a/an ____________ the articulating bones. A. synovial cavity to surround B. interosseous membrane to join C. strap-like tendon to attach D. broad disc to connect

D. broad disc to connect

The medial meniscus can be found in the knee joint. Which does it do? A. secretes synovial fluid into the cavity B. protects against friction between the knee and skin C. limits range of motion to prevent hyperextension D. creates better articulation between the bones

D. creates better articulation between the bones

The range of motion a joint permits is measured in A. abduction capacity B. flexion capacity C. rotation capacity D. degrees of a circle

D. degrees of a circle

When relaxin is produced, which tissues in the pelvis are affected to increase the joint flexibility? A. hyaline cartilage B. osseous tissue C. adipose tissue D. fibrocartilage

D. fibrocartilage

Where would you find the zona orbicularis? A. between the radius and ulna in the elbow joint B. under the lateral meniscus of the knee joint C. surrounding the head of the humerus in the shoulder joint D. in the articular capsule of the hip joint

D. in the articular capsule of the hip joint

Which of the following factors influence range of motion of a joint? A. The release of relaxin hormone near the end of pregnacy. B. Contact with other tissues may restrict movement. C. All of the choices are correct. D. The amount of training versus disuse.

C. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following ligaments is NOT found in the elbow joint? A. all of the choices are correct B. radial collateral C. annular ligament of the ulna D. ulnar collateral

C. annular ligament of the ulna

The intercarpal joints permit A. flexion and extension at plane joints B. back and forth movements at hinge joints C. back and forth movements at plane joints D. flexion and extension at hinge joints

C. back and forth movements at plane joints

The majority of the movement at the knee joint is related to its structure as a A. hinge joint that permits abduction and adduction B. plane joint that permits flexion and extension C. hinge joint that permits flexion and extension D. plane joint that permits abduction and adduction

C. hinge joint that permits flexion and extension

Because the shoulder has more freedom of movement than any other joint of the body, A. it is a joint without pain receptors B. it is a strong joint and not susceptible to injury C. it is a weak joint and susceptible to injury D. it is a joint with a reduced quantity of synovial fluid

C. it is a weak joint and susceptible to injury

Which is a ligament within the deltoid ligaments? A. calcaneofibular B. anterior talofibular C. posterior tibiotalar D. posterior talofibular

C. posterior tibiotalar

The structures that pass from the leg into the foot at the ankle are anchored by thickenings of fascia known as A. sprains B. talocrural C. retinacula D. deltoid ligaments

C. retinacula

Sutures are found between the bones of the A. foot. B. ankle. C. skull. D. knee.

C. skull.

A gomphosis is classified as a/an A. synchondrosis B. suture C. syndesmosis D. interosseous membrane

C. syndesmosis

Your patient is an elderly man complaining of joint pain. Which of the following might you recommend as a non-medicated way to help minimize further pain and reduce future problems? A. diving B. sprinting C. yoga D. weight lifting

C. yoga

Your patient happens to mention that the metal detector at the airport went off after she had a partial knee replacement. You tell her it is because the ________________ component of the reconstructed joint is made of metal.

femoral

Muscles that cross a joint may affect the _____________________ of the joint.

range of motion

As a person goes through his 40s, 50s, and 60s, he will likely experience ___________________ in the hip joints.

shortening of the ligaments

Which muscles make up the rotator cuff? Select all that apply. A. subscapularis B. teres major C. supraspinatus D. infraspinatus

A. subscapularis C. supraspinatus D. infraspinatus

Which of the following cranial bones are involved in a hinge joint? A. frontal and parietal bones B. mandible and temporal bones C. maxilla and mandible bones D. occipital bone and C1

B. mandible and temporal bones

Joints composed of hyaline cartilage are A. cartilaginous joints B. symphysis joints C. fibrous joints D. synovial joints

A. cartilaginous joints

Which ligament strengthens the medial aspect of the ankle joint? A. deltoid B. anterior talofibular C. lateral D. articular capsule

A. deltoid

Which of the following are potential effects of not using a joint for an extended period of time? Select all that apply. A. muscular atrophy B. decreased flexibility C. increased synovial fluid secretion D. ossification of ligaments

A. muscular atrophy B. decreased flexibility

Which of the following ligaments connect the tibia to the femur? Select all that apply. A. oblique popliteal ligament B. transverse ligament C. anterior cruciate ligament D. coronary ligament E. tibial collateral ligament F. arcuate popliteal ligament

A. oblique popliteal ligament C. anterior cruciate ligament E. tibial collateral ligament

Which of the following joints has the greatest degree of flexibility? A. shoulder joint B. temporomandibular joint C. hip joint D. wrist joint

A. shoulder joint

Your patient has broken his wrist, and there is a substantial amount of swelling in his forearm and hand. How will this affect the range of motion at the wrist joint? A. It will be unchanged. B. It will decrease. C. There is no way to predict the effects. D. It will increase.

B. It will decrease.

A radiocarpal joint is biaxial. Which types of movement might it allow? A. extension, rotation, or pronation B. flexion, abduction, or circumduction C. flexion, adduction, or rotation D. extension, pronation, or circumduction

B. flexion, abduction, or circumduction

Joints that allow only slight gliding movements include which of the following? Select all that apply. A. pubic symphysis B. joints between vertebral arches C. atlanto-occipital D. radioulnar E. acromioclavicular F. interphalangeal

B. joints between vertebral arches E. acromioclavicular

Which bones are involved in the elbow joint? A. ulna and humerus; they form a hinge joint that permits flexion and extension B. radius, ulna, and humerus; they form a hinge joint that permits flexion and extension C. radius, ulna, and humerus; they form a pivot joint that allows limited rotation D. ulna and humerus; they form a pivot joint that allows limited rotation

B. radius, ulna, and humerus; they form a hinge joint that permits flexion and extension

You're receiving change from a cashier. When you put out your palm, you perform A. abduction B. supination C. pronation D. adduction

B. supination

The medial malleolus of the ___________ articulates with the talus. A. metatarsal B. tibia C. fibula D. femur

B. tibia