chapter 9

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What is a bolus?

a single mass of a substance

The suffix that is used to form the names of enzymes is

-ase

cannabinoid

A group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting.

intrinsic factor

A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

antiemetic

Agent that prevents vomiting.

laxative

An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces.

used to treat opioid nausea

Benadryl

Which of the following are functions of the liver?

Bile synthesis and secretion Synthesis of plasma proteins Detoxification of alcohol and drugs Storage of glucose as glycogen

dental plaque

Collection of microorganisms on the teeth

Regional enteritis is another name for:

Crohn disease

antihistamine

Drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting.

antidiarrheal

Drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools.

pepsin

Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach

peptic ulcer

Erosion of the stomach and/or duodenal lining caused by H. pylori bacterium

What is a ring of smooth muscle that forms a one-way valve called?

a sphincter

The meaning of the suffix in the medical term perforation is:

action

pertaining to the peritoneum- pertione/___

al

Name the enzyme breaks down starch.

amylase

What part of the digestive system contains both an internal and external sphincter?

anus

What is the name of the procedure where the appendix is removed?

appendectomy

The most common cause of acute pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant is __________

appendicitis

What body part has no known use or function?

appendix

The meaning of the root in the medical term anorexia is:

appetite

periodontal

around the tooth

dental caries

bacterial destruction of teeth

halitosis

bad breath

A patient was complaining of blood in his stool. The physician requested that you schedule a __________ ________ with the radiology department. One week later, the test results came back and were inconclusive.The physician decided that further tests were needed, and therefore wished to view the inside of the intestines. Because the physician believed the source of the bleeding was in the large intestine, she ordered a ___________. The medical assistant scheduled this study with the hospital's ______________ department.

barium enema colonoscopy endoscopy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to diagnose and treat problems of the

bilary ductal system

The element chol/e means ________

bile

In the procedure ERCP, the "C" tells you that the organ being treated is the

biliary ducts

What are you vomiting in hematemesis?

blood

Regurgitation of the stomach contents back into the esophagus (write the abbreviation):

GERD

periodontitis

Gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected

ileostomy

Ileum is resected and an ostomy is created

antidiarrheal drug

Imodium

pyorrhea

Infection of gums with pus-like discharge

gingivitis

Infection of the gums

gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining

What is the medical term used to describe the lump of food that is moved from the mouth to the esophagus?

bolus

Mouth ulcers are also known as

canker sores

aphthous ulcers

canker sores

The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the

cardiac sphincter

dental __________ are tooth decay and cavity formation.

caries

The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.

cecal

The Latin term for blind is

cecum

A disorder in which gluten in cereal grains damages the lining of the small intestines is

celiac disease

An autoimmune disorder in which gluten must be avoided is ___________ _________

celiac disease

mastication

chewing

The fatty lymph that is transported from the lymphatic lacteals is called

chyle

Which of the following terms means a milky fluid resulting from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine?

chyle

A chronic, irreversible liver disease in which normal cells are replaced with fibrous scar tissue is _____.

cirrhosis

Which of the following disorders is caused by a virus?

cold sores

The root in cirrhosis indicates a:

color

The element choledoch/o means

common bile duct

Condition of hardened fecal matter:

constipation

appendicitis

definition of R/CF: appendage definition of suffix: inflammation definition of term: inflammation of the appendix

colitis

definition of R/CF: colon definition of suffix: inflammation of definition of term: inflammation of the colon

junction

definition of R/CFs joining together definition of suffix: condition, action definition of term: action of joining together

parotid

definition of prefix: beside definition of R/CF: ear definition of suffix: having a particular quality definition of term: beside the ear

defecation

definition of prefix: remove definition of R/CF: feces definition of suffix: process definition of term: process of removing feces

submandibular

definition of prefix: under definition of R/CF: mandible definition of suffix: pertaining to definition of term: pertaining to under the mandible

Identify the functions of saliva.

It moistens the food to make it easier to swallow. It begins the chemical digestion of starch and fat.

neutralizes gastric acid and relieves heartburn

Maalox

gastric cancer

Malignancy of the stomach

used to suppress gastric acid secretions

Nexium

stoma

Opening in the skin where the resected bowel opens

What is a digital rectal exam (DRE)?

Palpation of the rectum and prostate gland with a gloved finger

colostomy

Part of the large intestine is resected and an ostomy is created

excessive amount of gas in stomach and intestines

R/CF: flatul suffix: ence

mastication

R/CF: mastic- chew suffix: -ation process

stem cells

Regenerate the other gastric gland cells

ostomy

Resected end of the bowel opens onto the skin at a stoma

masticate

Root: mastic- chew suffix: -ate pertaining to, composed of

parietal cells

Secrete HCl, which converts pepsinogen to pepsin and activates gastric lipase

enteroendocrine cells

Secrete hormones, including gastrin

mucous cells

Secrete mucus

Select the statements that are correct regarding protein digestion.

Some of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted by the pancreas. Amino acids absorbed from the digestive tract can be used to build new tissues. Proteins are broken down into single units called amino acids.

What are some of the functions of the tongue?

Stimulate the sense of taste by way of papillae on its surface Position food between the teeth for chewing

blocks production of stomach acid

Tagmet

chief cells

The most numerous cells in gastric glands; secrete pepsinogen

dental caries

Tooth decay and cavity formation

used for treatment of postoperative nausea

Zofran

The suffix in cirrhosis indicates this is:

a condition

sublingual

definition of prefix: under definition of R/CF: tongue definition of suffix: pertaining to definition of term: pertaining to under the tongue

The majority of a tooth is composed of ____ which is covered by an outer layer of ____.

dentine enamel

A qualified professional in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex is a(n)

dentist

hydrochloric acid

destroys pathogens in the stomach

The large intestine is named for its

diameter

The word "small" in the term small intestines refers to this organ's

diameter.

What structure does the esophagus travel through from the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

Mrs. Stark's discomfort is due to:

diet

The meaning of the prefix in the medical term dyspepsia is:

difficult

The meaning of the root in the medical term peptic is:

digest

Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used to diagnose GI tract disorders?

digital rectal exam

ileus

disruption of the normal peristalsis of the small intestine

What starts out as a single __________, if left untreated, can lead to many ____________. The condition of having a number of these small pouches in the wall of the large intestine is known as ___________. Should these pouches become inflamed, __________ will result.

diverticulum diverticula diverticulosis diverticulitis

Bleeding from the small intestine is usually caused by a(n) _____.

duodenal ulcer

The first nine to ten inches of the small intestine is the _________. It receives chyme from the stomach, _____________ juice, and ___________ from the gallbladder.

duodenum pancreatic bile

A severe form of bacterial gastroenteritis with blood and mucus in watery stools is _____.

dysentery

The medical term for indigestion or "upset stomach" is

dyspepsia

excision or removal of a polyp- polyp/_______

ectomy

REflux

element type: prefix element definition: again, back definition of term: backward flow

dysPHAGIA

element type: root element definition: swallowing definition of term: difficulty in swallowing

aSYMPTOMatic

element type: root element definition: symptom definition of term: pertaining to without symptoms

hematEMESIS

element type: root element definition: vomit definition of term: vomiting of blood

The first step in lipid digestion is ________ , the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller ones coated with _______ salts.

emulsion bile

In the procedure ERCP, the "E" stands for

endoscopic

Dyspepsia is characterized by

epigastric pain, nausea, and gas.

The muscular tube that transports a bolus of food from the pharynx to the stomach is the

esophagus

Bleeding from the small intestine is usually from an infection.

false

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

first R/CF: chol/e second R/CF: cyst suffix: ectomy

Condition of gallstones

first R/CF: chol/e second R/CF: lith suffix: iasis

Surgical incision into the gallbladder to remove gallstones

first R/CF: chol/e second R/CF: lith suffix; otomy

Gallstone in the common bile duct

first R/CF: choledoch/o second R/CF: lith suffix: iasis

vomiting

forceful ejection of stomach contents upward

The ___________ stores, concentrates, and secretes bile into the _________ during digestion.

gallbladder duodenum

The pain in Mrs. Jacobs' abdomen is thought to be due to:

gallstones

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach:

gastritis

A "stomach bug" that causes acute, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is

gastroenteritis

What is burning chest pain called?

heartburn

Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the

hepatic portal vein

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

inflammation of the diverticula- diverticul/_____

itis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that causes ___________, a yellowing of the skin and sclera.

jaundice

In an anastomosis, the root means

join together

The enzyme that digests lactose is

lactase

What are the lymphatic vessels that carry chyle away from the intestine?

lacteal

The sugar found in dairy products that is hard for some people to digest is _____.

lactose

If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop ______ ________.

lactose intolerance

The procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall to examine abdominopelvic organs is called

laparoscopy

The two most common sites of oral cancer are the

lip and tongue

Name the enzyme breaks down fat.

lipase

In the term hepatic, the root means:

liver

The largest internal organ in the human body is the

liver

The mouth is the location where

mastication occurs.

The medical term that means inorganic compounds found in the earth's crust is:

mineral

The medical term that has an element that means mines is

minerals

The endoscope was inserted through Mrs. Stark's:

mouth

The external opening of the oral cavity is the

mouth

What lubricates the food in the digestive tract?

mucus

The procedure used to detect upper GI bleeding is

nasogastric aspiration

canker sore

nonmedical term for a mouth ulcer

In the procedure of inserting a nasogastric tube, the practitioner inserts the tube through the

nose

The gallbladder is located

on the underside of the liver.

condition of having multiple polyps - polyp/_______

osis

the roof of the mouth is termed the _________

palate

The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the ___________

pancreas

Pancreatic enzymes move through the ____________ duct, which joints the common bile duct before emptying into the ____________.

pancreatic duodenum

Tiny projections on the surface of the tongue that contain most of the taste buds are

papillae

small, rough, raised areas on the tongue are called __________

papillae

Giardia Iamblia

parasite that causes gastroenteritis

intussusception

part of the small intestine slides into a neighboring part

plaque

patch of abnormal tissue

This condition can be caused by Helicobacter pylori: _______ ulcer:

peptic

The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called ______.

peristalsis

The ____________ laceration sliced completely through the ____________. Because of an infection in the wound, the patient developed ___________.

peritoneal peritoneum peritonitis

A ruptured appendix can lead to an infection of the abdominal cavity called _____.

peritonitis

The term celiac means

pertaining to the abdomen

gingival

pertaining to the gums

Masses of tissue arising from the large intestine's wall that can be benign, precancerous, or cancerous are called ______________.

polyps

The first polyp was found on sigmoidoscopy. A follow-up colonoscopy 6 months later found several more _________ in the large intestine. Diagnosis is __________. Proposed treatment is ____________.

polyps polyposis polypectomy

abnormally frequent and loose stools

prefix: dia R/CF: rrhea

examination of a hollow structure with a special instrument

prefix: endo suffix: scopy

Name the enzyme helps to break down proteins.

protease

pyorrhea

purulent discharge

The ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the

pyloric sphincter

secretion

releasing products of metabolism

elimination

removal of waste material

The root in the term inhibitor means

repress

the _________ that cover the hard palate aid in mechanical digestion of food

rugae

Bilirubin is the color of:

rust

celiac disease

sensitivity to gluten

What is the name of the area of the colon that is shaped like an "S"?

sigmoid

The most common location for colon and rectal cancers are the __________ colon and ____________.

sigmoid rectum

mucus

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes that protects the lining of the stomach

The root enter means:

small intestine

Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.

small intestines

Eighty percent of oral cancers are associated with ___________ or chewing __________

smoking tobacco

periodontist

specialist in periodontics

periodontics

specialized branch of dentistry

Gastric ulcers are peptic ulcers that occur in the _____.

stomach

Dr. Grabowski is a specialist in the treatment of disorders of the:

stomach and intestines

gingivectomy

surgical removal of diseased gum tissue

degluition

swallowing

Aside from pain in her abdomen, Ms. Jacobs also has:

swelling in her feet

A provisional diagnosis means that the diagnosis is:

temporary

The hepatic flexure is near what major body organ?

the liver

IBS

treatment is often difficult and unsuccessful

Gastroenteritis can result in acute vomiting and diarrhea.

true

Risk factors for paralytic ileus include GI surgery, diabetic ketoacidosis, and medicines such as opiates.

true

The absorption of nutrients occurs primarily through the small intestine.

true

What additional diagnostic procedure is she scheduled for?

ultrasound

membranous structure lining the abdominal cavity- peritone/_____

um

during swallowing, the __________ cover the entrance to the nose from the back of the throat

uvula

What is another term for varicose veins of the esophagus?

varices

A narrow, wormlike tube that projects downward from the cecum is the _____.

vermiform appendix

Finger-like projections of the small intestine that contain blood vessels and are covered with absorptive cells are __________

villi

Saliva is mostly ______.

water

Surgical removal of the appendix:

word elements: append ectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder:

word elements: chol e cyst ectomy

Surgical incision to remove a gallstone.

word elements: chol e lith o tomy

Artificial opening from the ileum to the outside of the body:

word elements: ile os tomy

Surgery to create an opening from a tubular structure to the outside:

word elements; os tomy


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