chapter 9
What is a bolus?
a single mass of a substance
The suffix that is used to form the names of enzymes is
-ase
cannabinoid
A group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting.
intrinsic factor
A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.
antiemetic
Agent that prevents vomiting.
laxative
An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces.
used to treat opioid nausea
Benadryl
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
Bile synthesis and secretion Synthesis of plasma proteins Detoxification of alcohol and drugs Storage of glucose as glycogen
dental plaque
Collection of microorganisms on the teeth
Regional enteritis is another name for:
Crohn disease
antihistamine
Drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting.
antidiarrheal
Drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools.
pepsin
Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
peptic ulcer
Erosion of the stomach and/or duodenal lining caused by H. pylori bacterium
What is a ring of smooth muscle that forms a one-way valve called?
a sphincter
The meaning of the suffix in the medical term perforation is:
action
pertaining to the peritoneum- pertione/___
al
Name the enzyme breaks down starch.
amylase
What part of the digestive system contains both an internal and external sphincter?
anus
What is the name of the procedure where the appendix is removed?
appendectomy
The most common cause of acute pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant is __________
appendicitis
What body part has no known use or function?
appendix
The meaning of the root in the medical term anorexia is:
appetite
periodontal
around the tooth
dental caries
bacterial destruction of teeth
halitosis
bad breath
A patient was complaining of blood in his stool. The physician requested that you schedule a __________ ________ with the radiology department. One week later, the test results came back and were inconclusive.The physician decided that further tests were needed, and therefore wished to view the inside of the intestines. Because the physician believed the source of the bleeding was in the large intestine, she ordered a ___________. The medical assistant scheduled this study with the hospital's ______________ department.
barium enema colonoscopy endoscopy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to diagnose and treat problems of the
bilary ductal system
The element chol/e means ________
bile
In the procedure ERCP, the "C" tells you that the organ being treated is the
biliary ducts
What are you vomiting in hematemesis?
blood
Regurgitation of the stomach contents back into the esophagus (write the abbreviation):
GERD
periodontitis
Gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected
ileostomy
Ileum is resected and an ostomy is created
antidiarrheal drug
Imodium
pyorrhea
Infection of gums with pus-like discharge
gingivitis
Infection of the gums
gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach lining
What is the medical term used to describe the lump of food that is moved from the mouth to the esophagus?
bolus
Mouth ulcers are also known as
canker sores
aphthous ulcers
canker sores
The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the
cardiac sphincter
dental __________ are tooth decay and cavity formation.
caries
The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.
cecal
The Latin term for blind is
cecum
A disorder in which gluten in cereal grains damages the lining of the small intestines is
celiac disease
An autoimmune disorder in which gluten must be avoided is ___________ _________
celiac disease
mastication
chewing
The fatty lymph that is transported from the lymphatic lacteals is called
chyle
Which of the following terms means a milky fluid resulting from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine?
chyle
A chronic, irreversible liver disease in which normal cells are replaced with fibrous scar tissue is _____.
cirrhosis
Which of the following disorders is caused by a virus?
cold sores
The root in cirrhosis indicates a:
color
The element choledoch/o means
common bile duct
Condition of hardened fecal matter:
constipation
appendicitis
definition of R/CF: appendage definition of suffix: inflammation definition of term: inflammation of the appendix
colitis
definition of R/CF: colon definition of suffix: inflammation of definition of term: inflammation of the colon
junction
definition of R/CFs joining together definition of suffix: condition, action definition of term: action of joining together
parotid
definition of prefix: beside definition of R/CF: ear definition of suffix: having a particular quality definition of term: beside the ear
defecation
definition of prefix: remove definition of R/CF: feces definition of suffix: process definition of term: process of removing feces
submandibular
definition of prefix: under definition of R/CF: mandible definition of suffix: pertaining to definition of term: pertaining to under the mandible
Identify the functions of saliva.
It moistens the food to make it easier to swallow. It begins the chemical digestion of starch and fat.
neutralizes gastric acid and relieves heartburn
Maalox
gastric cancer
Malignancy of the stomach
used to suppress gastric acid secretions
Nexium
stoma
Opening in the skin where the resected bowel opens
What is a digital rectal exam (DRE)?
Palpation of the rectum and prostate gland with a gloved finger
colostomy
Part of the large intestine is resected and an ostomy is created
excessive amount of gas in stomach and intestines
R/CF: flatul suffix: ence
mastication
R/CF: mastic- chew suffix: -ation process
stem cells
Regenerate the other gastric gland cells
ostomy
Resected end of the bowel opens onto the skin at a stoma
masticate
Root: mastic- chew suffix: -ate pertaining to, composed of
parietal cells
Secrete HCl, which converts pepsinogen to pepsin and activates gastric lipase
enteroendocrine cells
Secrete hormones, including gastrin
mucous cells
Secrete mucus
Select the statements that are correct regarding protein digestion.
Some of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted by the pancreas. Amino acids absorbed from the digestive tract can be used to build new tissues. Proteins are broken down into single units called amino acids.
What are some of the functions of the tongue?
Stimulate the sense of taste by way of papillae on its surface Position food between the teeth for chewing
blocks production of stomach acid
Tagmet
chief cells
The most numerous cells in gastric glands; secrete pepsinogen
dental caries
Tooth decay and cavity formation
used for treatment of postoperative nausea
Zofran
The suffix in cirrhosis indicates this is:
a condition
sublingual
definition of prefix: under definition of R/CF: tongue definition of suffix: pertaining to definition of term: pertaining to under the tongue
The majority of a tooth is composed of ____ which is covered by an outer layer of ____.
dentine enamel
A qualified professional in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex is a(n)
dentist
hydrochloric acid
destroys pathogens in the stomach
The large intestine is named for its
diameter
The word "small" in the term small intestines refers to this organ's
diameter.
What structure does the esophagus travel through from the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
Mrs. Stark's discomfort is due to:
diet
The meaning of the prefix in the medical term dyspepsia is:
difficult
The meaning of the root in the medical term peptic is:
digest
Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used to diagnose GI tract disorders?
digital rectal exam
ileus
disruption of the normal peristalsis of the small intestine
What starts out as a single __________, if left untreated, can lead to many ____________. The condition of having a number of these small pouches in the wall of the large intestine is known as ___________. Should these pouches become inflamed, __________ will result.
diverticulum diverticula diverticulosis diverticulitis
Bleeding from the small intestine is usually caused by a(n) _____.
duodenal ulcer
The first nine to ten inches of the small intestine is the _________. It receives chyme from the stomach, _____________ juice, and ___________ from the gallbladder.
duodenum pancreatic bile
A severe form of bacterial gastroenteritis with blood and mucus in watery stools is _____.
dysentery
The medical term for indigestion or "upset stomach" is
dyspepsia
excision or removal of a polyp- polyp/_______
ectomy
REflux
element type: prefix element definition: again, back definition of term: backward flow
dysPHAGIA
element type: root element definition: swallowing definition of term: difficulty in swallowing
aSYMPTOMatic
element type: root element definition: symptom definition of term: pertaining to without symptoms
hematEMESIS
element type: root element definition: vomit definition of term: vomiting of blood
The first step in lipid digestion is ________ , the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller ones coated with _______ salts.
emulsion bile
In the procedure ERCP, the "E" stands for
endoscopic
Dyspepsia is characterized by
epigastric pain, nausea, and gas.
The muscular tube that transports a bolus of food from the pharynx to the stomach is the
esophagus
Bleeding from the small intestine is usually from an infection.
false
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
first R/CF: chol/e second R/CF: cyst suffix: ectomy
Condition of gallstones
first R/CF: chol/e second R/CF: lith suffix: iasis
Surgical incision into the gallbladder to remove gallstones
first R/CF: chol/e second R/CF: lith suffix; otomy
Gallstone in the common bile duct
first R/CF: choledoch/o second R/CF: lith suffix: iasis
vomiting
forceful ejection of stomach contents upward
The ___________ stores, concentrates, and secretes bile into the _________ during digestion.
gallbladder duodenum
The pain in Mrs. Jacobs' abdomen is thought to be due to:
gallstones
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach:
gastritis
A "stomach bug" that causes acute, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is
gastroenteritis
What is burning chest pain called?
heartburn
Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the
hepatic portal vein
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
inflammation of the diverticula- diverticul/_____
itis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that causes ___________, a yellowing of the skin and sclera.
jaundice
In an anastomosis, the root means
join together
The enzyme that digests lactose is
lactase
What are the lymphatic vessels that carry chyle away from the intestine?
lacteal
The sugar found in dairy products that is hard for some people to digest is _____.
lactose
If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop ______ ________.
lactose intolerance
The procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall to examine abdominopelvic organs is called
laparoscopy
The two most common sites of oral cancer are the
lip and tongue
Name the enzyme breaks down fat.
lipase
In the term hepatic, the root means:
liver
The largest internal organ in the human body is the
liver
The mouth is the location where
mastication occurs.
The medical term that means inorganic compounds found in the earth's crust is:
mineral
The medical term that has an element that means mines is
minerals
The endoscope was inserted through Mrs. Stark's:
mouth
The external opening of the oral cavity is the
mouth
What lubricates the food in the digestive tract?
mucus
The procedure used to detect upper GI bleeding is
nasogastric aspiration
canker sore
nonmedical term for a mouth ulcer
In the procedure of inserting a nasogastric tube, the practitioner inserts the tube through the
nose
The gallbladder is located
on the underside of the liver.
condition of having multiple polyps - polyp/_______
osis
the roof of the mouth is termed the _________
palate
The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the ___________
pancreas
Pancreatic enzymes move through the ____________ duct, which joints the common bile duct before emptying into the ____________.
pancreatic duodenum
Tiny projections on the surface of the tongue that contain most of the taste buds are
papillae
small, rough, raised areas on the tongue are called __________
papillae
Giardia Iamblia
parasite that causes gastroenteritis
intussusception
part of the small intestine slides into a neighboring part
plaque
patch of abnormal tissue
This condition can be caused by Helicobacter pylori: _______ ulcer:
peptic
The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called ______.
peristalsis
The ____________ laceration sliced completely through the ____________. Because of an infection in the wound, the patient developed ___________.
peritoneal peritoneum peritonitis
A ruptured appendix can lead to an infection of the abdominal cavity called _____.
peritonitis
The term celiac means
pertaining to the abdomen
gingival
pertaining to the gums
Masses of tissue arising from the large intestine's wall that can be benign, precancerous, or cancerous are called ______________.
polyps
The first polyp was found on sigmoidoscopy. A follow-up colonoscopy 6 months later found several more _________ in the large intestine. Diagnosis is __________. Proposed treatment is ____________.
polyps polyposis polypectomy
abnormally frequent and loose stools
prefix: dia R/CF: rrhea
examination of a hollow structure with a special instrument
prefix: endo suffix: scopy
Name the enzyme helps to break down proteins.
protease
pyorrhea
purulent discharge
The ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the
pyloric sphincter
secretion
releasing products of metabolism
elimination
removal of waste material
The root in the term inhibitor means
repress
the _________ that cover the hard palate aid in mechanical digestion of food
rugae
Bilirubin is the color of:
rust
celiac disease
sensitivity to gluten
What is the name of the area of the colon that is shaped like an "S"?
sigmoid
The most common location for colon and rectal cancers are the __________ colon and ____________.
sigmoid rectum
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes that protects the lining of the stomach
The root enter means:
small intestine
Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.
small intestines
Eighty percent of oral cancers are associated with ___________ or chewing __________
smoking tobacco
periodontist
specialist in periodontics
periodontics
specialized branch of dentistry
Gastric ulcers are peptic ulcers that occur in the _____.
stomach
Dr. Grabowski is a specialist in the treatment of disorders of the:
stomach and intestines
gingivectomy
surgical removal of diseased gum tissue
degluition
swallowing
Aside from pain in her abdomen, Ms. Jacobs also has:
swelling in her feet
A provisional diagnosis means that the diagnosis is:
temporary
The hepatic flexure is near what major body organ?
the liver
IBS
treatment is often difficult and unsuccessful
Gastroenteritis can result in acute vomiting and diarrhea.
true
Risk factors for paralytic ileus include GI surgery, diabetic ketoacidosis, and medicines such as opiates.
true
The absorption of nutrients occurs primarily through the small intestine.
true
What additional diagnostic procedure is she scheduled for?
ultrasound
membranous structure lining the abdominal cavity- peritone/_____
um
during swallowing, the __________ cover the entrance to the nose from the back of the throat
uvula
What is another term for varicose veins of the esophagus?
varices
A narrow, wormlike tube that projects downward from the cecum is the _____.
vermiform appendix
Finger-like projections of the small intestine that contain blood vessels and are covered with absorptive cells are __________
villi
Saliva is mostly ______.
water
Surgical removal of the appendix:
word elements: append ectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder:
word elements: chol e cyst ectomy
Surgical incision to remove a gallstone.
word elements: chol e lith o tomy
Artificial opening from the ileum to the outside of the body:
word elements: ile os tomy
Surgery to create an opening from a tubular structure to the outside:
word elements; os tomy