Chapter 9 review questions
Translational
Read genetic code of ran and translate it into protein
primer
a short stretch of RNA nucleotides that is required to initiate replication and allow DNA polymerase to bind and begin replication
epigenetic
describing non-genetic regulatory factors, such as changes in modifications to histone proteins and DNA that control accessibility to genes in chromosomes
A promoter is ________. a. a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides b. a specific sequence of RNA nucleotides c. a protein that binds to DNA d. an enzyme that synthesizes RNA
a. a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides
Which of the following does cytosine pair with? a. guanine b. thymine c. adenine d. a pyrimidine
a. guanine
DNA polymerase
an enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA complementary to a template strand
The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is ________. a. mismatch repair b. DNA polymerase proofreading c. nucleotide excision repair d. thymine dimers
b. DNA polymerase proofreading
Post-translational control refers to: a. regulation of gene expression after transcription b. regulation of gene expression after translation c. control of epigenetic activation d. period between transcription and translation
b. regulation of gene expression after translation
DNA replicates by which of the following models? a. conservative b. semiconservative c. dispersive d. none of the above
b. semiconservative
Prokaryotes contain a ________chromosome, and eukaryotes contain ________ chromosomes. a. single-stranded circular; single-stranded linear b. single-stranded linear; single-stranded circular c. double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear d. double-stranded linear; double-stranded circular
c. double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________. a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. nucleolus d. endoplasmic reticulum
c. nucleolus
post-translational
control of gene expression after a protein has been created
post-transcriptional
control of gene expression after the RNA molecule has been created but before it is translated into protein
How long would the peptide be that is translated from this MRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGGCUACCGA-3'? a. 0 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
d. 4
Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional level b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are ________. a. exons b. caps c. poly-A tails d. introns
d. introns
lagging strand
during replication of the 3' to 5' strand, the strand that is replicated in short fragments and away from the replication fork
telomere
the DNA at the end of linear chromosomes
Okazaki fragments
the DNA fragments that are synthesized in short stretches on the lagging strand
DNA ligase
the enzyme that catalyzes the joining of DNA fragments together
transcription bubble
the region of locally unwound DNA that allows for transcription of mRNA
leading strand
the strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction that is synthesized in the direction of the replication fork