Chapter 9 review questions

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Translational

Read genetic code of ran and translate it into protein

primer

a short stretch of RNA nucleotides that is required to initiate replication and allow DNA polymerase to bind and begin replication

epigenetic

describing non-genetic regulatory factors, such as changes in modifications to histone proteins and DNA that control accessibility to genes in chromosomes

A promoter is ________. a. a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides b. a specific sequence of RNA nucleotides c. a protein that binds to DNA d. an enzyme that synthesizes RNA

a. a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides

Which of the following does cytosine pair with? a. guanine b. thymine c. adenine d. a pyrimidine

a. guanine

DNA polymerase

an enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA complementary to a template strand

The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is ________. a. mismatch repair b. DNA polymerase proofreading c. nucleotide excision repair d. thymine dimers

b. DNA polymerase proofreading

Post-translational control refers to: a. regulation of gene expression after transcription b. regulation of gene expression after translation c. control of epigenetic activation d. period between transcription and translation

b. regulation of gene expression after translation

DNA replicates by which of the following models? a. conservative b. semiconservative c. dispersive d. none of the above

b. semiconservative

Prokaryotes contain a ________chromosome, and eukaryotes contain ________ chromosomes. a. single-stranded circular; single-stranded linear b. single-stranded linear; single-stranded circular c. double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear d. double-stranded linear; double-stranded circular

c. double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear

The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________. a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. nucleolus d. endoplasmic reticulum

c. nucleolus

post-translational

control of gene expression after a protein has been created

post-transcriptional

control of gene expression after the RNA molecule has been created but before it is translated into protein

How long would the peptide be that is translated from this MRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGGCUACCGA-3'? a. 0 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

d. 4

Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional level b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels

d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels

Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are ________. a. exons b. caps c. poly-A tails d. introns

d. introns

lagging strand

during replication of the 3' to 5' strand, the strand that is replicated in short fragments and away from the replication fork

telomere

the DNA at the end of linear chromosomes

Okazaki fragments

the DNA fragments that are synthesized in short stretches on the lagging strand

DNA ligase

the enzyme that catalyzes the joining of DNA fragments together

transcription bubble

the region of locally unwound DNA that allows for transcription of mRNA

leading strand

the strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction that is synthesized in the direction of the replication fork


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