Chapter 9

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Which is a first class lever?

Atlanto-occipital joint

Which of the following is not a major joint category?

Elastic

A joint with mechanical advantage greater than 1.0 has increased speed.

False

A meniscus is a type of bursa seen in the space between the femur and tibia.

False

A synostosis is the most moveable type of joint.

False

Bony joints are the most common type of joints.

False

Bursae are structures associated with fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

False

Circumduction is limited to ball-and-socket joints.

False

Fibrous joints are joints, at which two bones are united by hyaline cartilage

False

Symphyses are the most common type of fibrous joints

False

The coxal joint is a ball and socket joint, in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

False

The shoulder is the only multiaxial ball-and-socket joint in the human body.

False

Which is true regarding first class lever joints?

Their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0

What do sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses have in common?

These are all fibrous joints

With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires __________ of the shoulder

circumduction

The metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are

condylar

An articulation is any point at which two bones meet

True

Hinge joints, such as the tibiofemoral joint, are monaxial.

True

Synovial fluid is rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, which give it a viscous texture similar to egg white

True

The elbow has both pivot and hinge joints.

True

The forearm acts as a third-class lever during flexion of the elbow.

True

The main stabilizer of the shoulder is the biceps brachii muscle.

True

Under normal circumstances, the wrist can be hyperextended, but the elbow cannot

True

Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. To limit the amount of leaking through your hands, this action would most likely require __________.

adduction of the fingers

Which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension?

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called

arthrology

The smooth, connective tissue lining that covers the opposing bony surfaces of a synovial joint is called __________.

articular cartilage

A ___ is a sac of fluid associated with a synovial joint

bursa

Which of the following is the most stable joint?

coxal joint

The __________ is not found in the elbow

distal radioulnar joint

Radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of the __________ joint

elbow

When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints __________ to lift your body weight.

extend

Some joints become synostoses by replacing _____ with ______

fibers; bone

The ligament that attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibula is called the __________.

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)

The union of the proximal and middle phalanges form _____ joints

hinge

One example of a multiaxial joint is the

humeroscapular

While standing, looking up at the stars requires __________.

hyperextension of the neck

Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "Stop," requires __________.

hyperextension of the wrist

The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except _______________, which partly explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations.

inferiorly

To tip the soles of the feet medially, so they face each other, requires __________. Tipping them out laterally so they face away from each other is __________.

inversion; eversion

The proximal radioulnar joint is a

pivot joint

If you stand on tiptoes to reach something high, you are performing __________ at the ankle.

plantar flexion

The __________ is not part of the tibiofemoral joint.

posterior tibiofibular ligament

When doing a pushup, your shoulders __________ as your body is pushed upward.

protract

The joint between the left and right parietal bones is called the

sagittal suture

Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid are examples of

serrate sutures

The __________ bursa is not an accessory structure of the glenohumeral joint.

subpatellar

The joint between the L2 and L3 vertebrae is a

symphysis

The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a

synchondrosis

The joint between the first costal cartilage and the sternum, is a _____, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by _____ joints

synchondrosis; synovial

The joint between the diaphyses of the radius and ulna is a __________.

syndesmosis

The least movable joints are _____

synostosis

The most movable joints are _____

synovial

The temporomandibular joint is a(n) __________ joint.

synovial

Which of the following is not an anatomical component of a synovial joints?

The interosseous membrance

Which is not a factor that determines the range of motion of a joint?

The length of the bone

Which of the following structures is not found in the shoulder?

The radioulnar ligament

Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of __________ of the shoulder.

abduction

The _________ deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint.

acetabular labrum

When you hold out your hands with the palms up, __________ your wrists will tip your palms toward you.

flexing

Raising your hand and placing it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you, requires __________ of the shoulder.

flexion

A monoaxial joint, like the elbow, is capable of which one of the following movements?

flexion and extension

Unlike other joints, a _____ does not join two bones to one another

gomphosis

Which of the following is the largest and most complex diarthrosis in the body?

knee

The jaw joint is the articulation of the __________ and the __________.

mandible; temporal bone

The fibrocartilage pad between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia is called the __________.

medial meniscus

The talocrural joint is formed by the union of the __________, the _________, and the _________.

tibia; fibula; talus


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