Chapter 9
Which is a first class lever?
Atlanto-occipital joint
Which of the following is not a major joint category?
Elastic
A joint with mechanical advantage greater than 1.0 has increased speed.
False
A meniscus is a type of bursa seen in the space between the femur and tibia.
False
A synostosis is the most moveable type of joint.
False
Bony joints are the most common type of joints.
False
Bursae are structures associated with fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.
False
Circumduction is limited to ball-and-socket joints.
False
Fibrous joints are joints, at which two bones are united by hyaline cartilage
False
Symphyses are the most common type of fibrous joints
False
The coxal joint is a ball and socket joint, in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
False
The shoulder is the only multiaxial ball-and-socket joint in the human body.
False
Which is true regarding first class lever joints?
Their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0
What do sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses have in common?
These are all fibrous joints
With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires __________ of the shoulder
circumduction
The metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are
condylar
An articulation is any point at which two bones meet
True
Hinge joints, such as the tibiofemoral joint, are monaxial.
True
Synovial fluid is rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, which give it a viscous texture similar to egg white
True
The elbow has both pivot and hinge joints.
True
The forearm acts as a third-class lever during flexion of the elbow.
True
The main stabilizer of the shoulder is the biceps brachii muscle.
True
Under normal circumstances, the wrist can be hyperextended, but the elbow cannot
True
Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. To limit the amount of leaking through your hands, this action would most likely require __________.
adduction of the fingers
Which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension?
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
The study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called
arthrology
The smooth, connective tissue lining that covers the opposing bony surfaces of a synovial joint is called __________.
articular cartilage
A ___ is a sac of fluid associated with a synovial joint
bursa
Which of the following is the most stable joint?
coxal joint
The __________ is not found in the elbow
distal radioulnar joint
Radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of the __________ joint
elbow
When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints __________ to lift your body weight.
extend
Some joints become synostoses by replacing _____ with ______
fibers; bone
The ligament that attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibula is called the __________.
fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)
The union of the proximal and middle phalanges form _____ joints
hinge
One example of a multiaxial joint is the
humeroscapular
While standing, looking up at the stars requires __________.
hyperextension of the neck
Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "Stop," requires __________.
hyperextension of the wrist
The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except _______________, which partly explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations.
inferiorly
To tip the soles of the feet medially, so they face each other, requires __________. Tipping them out laterally so they face away from each other is __________.
inversion; eversion
The proximal radioulnar joint is a
pivot joint
If you stand on tiptoes to reach something high, you are performing __________ at the ankle.
plantar flexion
The __________ is not part of the tibiofemoral joint.
posterior tibiofibular ligament
When doing a pushup, your shoulders __________ as your body is pushed upward.
protract
The joint between the left and right parietal bones is called the
sagittal suture
Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid are examples of
serrate sutures
The __________ bursa is not an accessory structure of the glenohumeral joint.
subpatellar
The joint between the L2 and L3 vertebrae is a
symphysis
The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a
synchondrosis
The joint between the first costal cartilage and the sternum, is a _____, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by _____ joints
synchondrosis; synovial
The joint between the diaphyses of the radius and ulna is a __________.
syndesmosis
The least movable joints are _____
synostosis
The most movable joints are _____
synovial
The temporomandibular joint is a(n) __________ joint.
synovial
Which of the following is not an anatomical component of a synovial joints?
The interosseous membrance
Which is not a factor that determines the range of motion of a joint?
The length of the bone
Which of the following structures is not found in the shoulder?
The radioulnar ligament
Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of __________ of the shoulder.
abduction
The _________ deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint.
acetabular labrum
When you hold out your hands with the palms up, __________ your wrists will tip your palms toward you.
flexing
Raising your hand and placing it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you, requires __________ of the shoulder.
flexion
A monoaxial joint, like the elbow, is capable of which one of the following movements?
flexion and extension
Unlike other joints, a _____ does not join two bones to one another
gomphosis
Which of the following is the largest and most complex diarthrosis in the body?
knee
The jaw joint is the articulation of the __________ and the __________.
mandible; temporal bone
The fibrocartilage pad between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia is called the __________.
medial meniscus
The talocrural joint is formed by the union of the __________, the _________, and the _________.
tibia; fibula; talus
