Chapter 9 Sociology
The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particualr gender are called_____.
Gender Identity
Symbolic Interacitonism (gender)
Gender is learned throug hthe porcess of socialization; gender inequailties are reproduced through intereacitons with family, peers, schools, and the media
When girls do well in school, they are typically credited for ____ rather than their intelligence ?
Hard Work
Expressive Role
The position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure
If a woman works all day and returns home to take care of her housework and child, what is she experiencing?
The second shift
First Wave
the earliest period of feminist activism in the United States, including the period from the mid-ninteenth century until American women won the right to vote in 1920
Feminization of Poverty
the economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, cause in part by the gendered gap in wages, the higher proporiton of single mother compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of child care
Third Wave
the moset recent period of feminist activity , focusing on issues of diversity and the variety of identities women can possess
Second Wave
the period of feminist activity during the 1960s and 1970s often associated wit hthe issues of women's equal access to employment and education
Gender
the physical, behavioral and personality traits taht a group considers normal for its male and female members; gender is social
Insturmental Role
the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing
Sex
an individual's membership in one of two biologically distint categrories-male or female; sex is biological
Gender Identity
an individual's self-definition or sense of gender.
Feminism
belief in the social, political, and economic equailty of the sexes; also the social movements organized around that belief
Second Shift
the unpaid housework and child care often expected of women after they complete their day's paid labor
Constructionist
those who believe that notions of gender are socially determined such that a dichotomous system is just one possibility among many; this is sociology
Essentialists
those who belive gender roles have genetic or biological orgin and therfore cannot be changed
Intersectionality
the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as the apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination of disadvantage
Gender Role Socialization
the lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through for agents of socializaiton: families schools, peers and the media
Conflict Theory (gender)
Because of the traditional division of labor in families, males have had more access to resources and privileges and have sought to maintain their dominance
When does gender role socialiation begin?
Before Birth
Which group below is most likely mocked by their peers for violaitng gender norms?
Boys
Women are more likely than men to live in poverty. This is often called the _____.
Feminization of Poverty
A person who is born with chromosomes or sex characteristics that are not exclusively male or female is described as ______.
Intersexed
"Berdache" was a term used by nineteenth centurey explorers to describe:
Native American who appeared neither male nor female, but somehow both
THe theory about gender that emphazizes the importantance of differences among people and rejects the idea of innate sexual identity is _______.
Queer Theory
Funcitonalism (gender)
Sex determins which roles men and women are best suited to; it is more appropriate for men to play intrumental roles and from women to play expressive roles
How do most sociologist explain the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is biological; gender is social