Chapter 9 Sociology

The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particualr gender are called_____.

Gender Identity

Symbolic Interacitonism (gender)

Gender is learned throug hthe porcess of socialization; gender inequailties are reproduced through intereacitons with family, peers, schools, and the media

When girls do well in school, they are typically credited for ____ rather than their intelligence ?

Hard Work

Expressive Role

The position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure

If a woman works all day and returns home to take care of her housework and child, what is she experiencing?

The second shift

First Wave

the earliest period of feminist activism in the United States, including the period from the mid-ninteenth century until American women won the right to vote in 1920

Feminization of Poverty

the economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, cause in part by the gendered gap in wages, the higher proporiton of single mother compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of child care

Third Wave

the moset recent period of feminist activity , focusing on issues of diversity and the variety of identities women can possess

Second Wave

the period of feminist activity during the 1960s and 1970s often associated wit hthe issues of women's equal access to employment and education

Gender

the physical, behavioral and personality traits taht a group considers normal for its male and female members; gender is social

Insturmental Role

the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing

Sex

an individual's membership in one of two biologically distint categrories-male or female; sex is biological

Gender Identity

an individual's self-definition or sense of gender.

Feminism

belief in the social, political, and economic equailty of the sexes; also the social movements organized around that belief

Second Shift

the unpaid housework and child care often expected of women after they complete their day's paid labor

Constructionist

those who believe that notions of gender are socially determined such that a dichotomous system is just one possibility among many; this is sociology

Essentialists

those who belive gender roles have genetic or biological orgin and therfore cannot be changed

Intersectionality

the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as the apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination of disadvantage

Gender Role Socialization

the lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through for agents of socializaiton: families schools, peers and the media

Conflict Theory (gender)

Because of the traditional division of labor in families, males have had more access to resources and privileges and have sought to maintain their dominance

When does gender role socialiation begin?

Before Birth

Which group below is most likely mocked by their peers for violaitng gender norms?

Boys

Women are more likely than men to live in poverty. This is often called the _____.

Feminization of Poverty

A person who is born with chromosomes or sex characteristics that are not exclusively male or female is described as ______.

Intersexed

"Berdache" was a term used by nineteenth centurey explorers to describe:

Native American who appeared neither male nor female, but somehow both

THe theory about gender that emphazizes the importantance of differences among people and rejects the idea of innate sexual identity is _______.

Queer Theory

Funcitonalism (gender)

Sex determins which roles men and women are best suited to; it is more appropriate for men to play intrumental roles and from women to play expressive roles

How do most sociologist explain the difference between sex and gender?

Sex is biological; gender is social