HESI READING

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tools changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 1) What conclusion can be drawn about the article? A. The author think chopstick are funny B. The best way to eat food is with cutlery C. The author explain differences in eating processes. D. Space flight is fun and exciting. 2) What statement can be implied from the content of article. A. Eating in space can be time-consuming. B. Diversity is interesting to learn about C. The author thinks cutlery is the best tool to use to consume food. D. The author enjoys trying new food. 3) What is the best definition of efficient as used in the third paragraph? A)Productive without waste B)Easy to accomplish c)Parsimonious D)careful 4).What statement from the article draws the conclusion? A. it is interesting to discover new ways to do things B. mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult C. what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today D. chopsticks and forks do not work well in space 5) What statement from this article is correct? A. Chopsticks are easier to manage then forks B. Space travel can be tiring C. European methods of eating are superior D. China developed chop sticks for eating utensils

1) C The author explain differences in eating processes. 2) C The author thinks cutlery is the best tool to use to consume food. 3) C productive with out waster. 4)A it is interesting to discover new ways to do something 5) D china developed chop sticks for eating utensils

Researchers have developed a recording device that essentially melts into place, snugly fitting to the brain's surface. This new technology allows for closer interaction between machines and living tissue, paving the way for more advanced implantable devices. Currently, the simplest devices for recording from the brain are needle-like electrodes that can penetrate into brain tissue. More state-of-the-art devices, called micro-electrode arrays, consist of dozens of semi-flexible wire electrodes. These are usually fixed to rigid silicon grids that don't conform to the brain's shape. An ideal recording device would conform to complex curved surfaces while placing minimal stress on the tissue. The scientists chose silk as their base material because it is flexible and durable enough to withstand manipulation. The team reported that they were able to create ultrathin flexible implants that hug the brain like shrink wrap, collapsing into its grooves and stretching over its rounded surfaces. The silk base dissolves once it makes contact with the brain, allowing the array to end up tightly hugging the brain. They found that the ultrathin arrays they created can record brain activity more faithfully than thicker implants embedded with similar electronics. 1)The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of the following? 2) Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage? 3)What is the main idea of the passage?

1)The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of the following? -A stroke that resulted in severe tissue damage in the limbic system. Explanation: The author states that "patients with trauma or damage to this structure [the amygdala] exhibit a complete absence of aggression." Earlier in the passage the author indicates that the amygdala is located centrally in the brain's limbic system, which is responsible for emotional regulation. 2) Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage? -typically temperamental rhesus monkeys with amygdala damage are completely imperturbable. 3)What is the main idea of the passage? -Scientists have learned a lot about how the amygdala affects human emotion.

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance so it wouldn't fall into the bay. 1)Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. The authors reason for writing this piece seems to be to A. Inform the reader B. Teach the reader C. persuade the reader D. entertain the reader 2)What body of water does The Golden Gate Bridge cross? A. SAn Francisco Bay B. Pacific Ocean C. MArin Strait D. Golden Gate Strait 3)Why was the roadway so dangerous to build? A. There weren't enough materials available to build the road B. The workers might get hit by passing cars. C. The men would fall to their deaths. D. If the road wasn't balance, it would collapse. 4.Which part of the bridge was built first 5.In passage the word embark means to

1)A 2)D 3)D 4)Anchorages 5)Put or go on board a ship

The Electoral College The electoral college has nothing to do with college and contains no students. The Electoral College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number of representatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state has two senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen, the number of which is base on the population of the state established by the Census taken each decade. During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the popular vote in that particular state. Its all very confusing, but the founding fathers know what they were doing. By having and using the Electoral College candidates campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn't mean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote across the country, but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore he became our 43rd president. 1)Which statement from the passage is a fact? A. Each state casts their electoral votes during the Presidential election B. The government randomly assigns electoral votes to states. C. Candidates only campaign in states where they think they can win. D The Electoral College is a college in Washington D. C. 2)The author's reason for writing this piece seems to be to A. Inform the reader B. Teach the reader C. Persuade the reader D. Entertain the reader

1)A - Each state casts their electoral votes during the Presidential election 2)B - Teach the reader

Food: Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. people often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 1)What is implied by this paragraph? A. We should eat and drink in reasonable quantities. 2) The author seems? 3)As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term "concomitant" means? 4)The author's motive for writing the paragraph seems to have been to? 5)The information presented in this article is?

1)A We should eat and drink in reasonable quantities. 2) Favor moderation 3)Accompanying 4)Urgent self-control 5)Unbiased in its approach.

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 1)What is the meaning of the word composed in the first paragraph? A. To consist of B. To be uniquely discovered C. To be set apart D. To be surprised 2)What is the main idea of this passage? A)The formation of water from the joining of two hydrogen atoms to one atom of oxygen B)The versatility and importance of water as a universal solvent C)The explanation of the different components of the water cycle D)Rain is a trivial part of the life cycle 3)Which statement is not a detail from the passage? A)A single drop of water is made of a couple of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. B)Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor. C)Water not absorbed is runoff. D)Condensation fails to happen when water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. 4)What was the author's primary purpose for writing this essay? 5)Knowing that the cooling of water vapor results in condensation, one could conclude that _______ is/are a factor in the evaporation process. 6)What does the word Laden mean in the passage?

1)A) To consist of 2)The different components of the water cycle are precipitation, evaporation, and condensation. 3) Condensation fails to happen when water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. 4)To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle 5)Heat 6)loaded or weigh down

Despite increasing enrollments of women in medical schools, feelings of isolation among women medical students persist. Women students still have to contend with the social stereotype of a male doctor. In addition, institutions themselves may unintentionally foster feelings of separateness. Comparatively few women are hired for faculty positions, thus offering women students few role models. The pervasive sexual humor of male doctors and students further intensifies women students' alienation. Alienation, in turn, negatively affects individual self-perception. As women enter medical study in increasing numbers, they may feel less at odds with their peers and the teaching establishment. Institutional bias will, no doubt, also change in response to evolving societal values. However, we should not wait passively for gradual social processes to bring changes; schools must provide current students with support services designed to meet women's needs. In a recent study, 48 percent of the women questioned rated a student support group as the most important support service a school can provide 1)The passage cites all of the following as causing psychological problems for women medical students EXCEPT 2)The author of the passage is concerned that 3) The author cites factual information in support of which of the following contentions 4)The passage suggests that which of the following would be likely to reduce the isolation felt by women medical students? In terms of its tone and form, the passage is most appropriately described as -a reasoned appeal

1)The passage cites all of the following as causing psychological problems for women medical students EXCEPT -declining admissions of women to medical schools 2)The author of the passage is concerned that -feelings of isolation among women medical students are partly the result of social stereotypes explanation: The author's purpose is to show readers that although increasing numbers of women are enrolling in medical school, they still face disadvantages arising from societal issues 3) The author cites factual information in support of which of the following contentions -Many women medical students feel a need for officially sponsored support services. Explanation: The correct answer refers to the only hard data given, the 48 percent of women who reported that a student support group is "the most important support service a school can provide." The wrong choices not only lack factual support; they are points the author does not make at all. 4)The passage suggests that which of the following would be likely to reduce the isolation felt by women medical students? -An increased proportion of women in medical schools. Explanation: This question asks us to identify initiatives or developments which would reduce the sense of isolation felt by female medical students. The correct answer is supported by the first sentence of paragraph 2. As women increasingly enter medical schools, they "may feel less at odds with their peers and the teaching establishment." In terms of its tone and form, the passage is most appropriately described as -a reasoned appeal

Initially, scientists suspected a high dietary calcium intake of increasing the risk of kidney stones. A high intake of calcium, however, reduces the urinary excretion of oxalate, which is thought to lower the risk. As a result, the concept that a higher dietary calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones, and the mechanism underlying their formation, required examination. Stanford researchers studied the relationship between dietary calcium intake and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones in a cohort of 35,119 men ranging in age from 40 to 75 years old who had no history of kidney stones. Dietary calcium was measured by means of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire in 1998. During four years of follow-up, 535 cases of kidney stones were documented by LifeWork analysts. After adjustment for age, dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with the risk of stones; in fact, a high calcium intake decreased the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. Surprisingly, intake of animal protein was directly associated with the risk of stone formation 1)According to the passage, dietary calcium intake 2)The passage suggests that in conducting this medical study, researchers 3)What is the main focus of this passage?

1)According to the passage, dietary calcium intake -was discovered to decrease the chance of symptomatic kidney stone formation, after adjustment for age. explanation: According to the author, dietary calcium intake "was measured by means of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire," not "by means of a semi-quantitative medical examination." The correct answer is a conclusion of the study discussed in the passage. The fact that 'daily calcium intake decreases the excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract,' is given as background information in the passage's second sentence. 2)The passage suggests that in conducting this medical study, researchers -discovered associations they had not been looking for 3)What is the main focus of this passage? -How dietary calcium affects kidneys.

Voice What effect does your voice have on others? Does it persuade or irritate, attract or repel? One of the worst qualities is harshness. If you ever get the feeling that people are uncomfortable when you speak, it may be that your harsh tones are jarring their eardrums. your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, to loud, or too nasal. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. Tension tightens muscles and blocks the relaxed voice tones essential to a pleasing impression. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tend to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speakers, newscasters, or political candidates. 1)Which statement from the selection presents a fact rather than an opinion? A.One of the worst voice qualities is harshness. B. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. C. Your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, too loud, or too nasal. D. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tn to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speaker, newscasters, or political candidates. 2)What is stated in this paragraph? A. Some men have harsh voices. B. Relaxed people often have harsh voices. C. Women make less appealing political candidates. D. Not everyone finds a harsh voice irritating. 3)The information presented is A. Slanted in favor of newscasters B. Slanted against people with deep voice C. slanted against people with piercing voices. D. balance in its approach. 4)The author seems to: A. prefer low pitched tones B. be an experienced public speaker C. prefer shrill, grating, and brassy voice D. have no particular reactions to different voices. correct

1)B 2)C 3)A 4)A

THE WHITE ELEPHANT Centuries ago, in the country of Siam, now known as Thailand, it was the custom of the rulers that displeased them by giving the offender a white elephant. Because the animal was considered to be could not be made to work as other elephants did, but still had to be fed hundreds of pounds of fruit and cared for in the most lavish style. The recipient could not give the elephant to anyone else, as it was the ruler, who would be greatly displeased should the recipient not receive the gift graciously or care for in a grand style. This monetary burden could be a major liability to the recipient and in many cases they became impoverished. This is the origin of the term "white elephant" as it is used today to denote an unwanted gift. The way of gift exchange played during the holiday season is an offshoot of this. In this game, everyone brings and the gifts are exchanged by drawing numbers and picking a gift in turn. The second person can choose or steal the first one. It is all in good fun, and people enjoy giving silly gifts and "stealing" someone else. 1)How did the people regard a white elephant? A. If a village elder received a white elephant, the entire village shared in the supply of meat. B. People tried very hard not to offend the king so they would not receive a white elephant C. White elephants were highly prized as they were very hard workers in the cane fields. D. The people of Siam vied for the honor of receiving the king's gift or a white elephant. 2)Where is Thailand" A. Africa B. Europe C. Asia D. South America 3)What is implied by the article? 4)Impoverished meaning? 5)Why is an unwanted gift called "white elephant"?

1)B 2)C 3)people enjoy giving/receiving gifts 4)financially ruined 5)It is a rare thing to get an unwanted gift

Food away from home: Food away from home (FAFH) has been associated with poor diet quality in many studies. It is difficult, however, to measure the effect of FAFH on diet quality since many unobserved factors, such as food preferences and time constraints, influence not just our choice of where to eat, but also the nutritional quality of what we eat. Using data from 1994-96 and 2003-04, this study applies fixed-effects estimation to control for such unobservable influences and finds that, for the average adult, FAFH increases daily caloric intake and reduces diet quality. The effects vary depending on which meals are consumed away from home. On average, breakfast away from home decreases the number of servings of whole grains and dairy consumed per 1,000 calories and increases the percent of calories from saturated and solid fat, alcohol, and added sugar (So FAAS) in a day. Dinner away from home reduces the number of servings of vegetables consumed per 1,000 calories for the average adult. Breakfast and lunch away from home increase calories from saturated fat and So FAAS on average more among dieters than among non-dieters. Some of the overall negative dietary effects decreased between 1994-96 and 2003-04, including those on whole grain, sodium, and vegetable consumption. 1)Which meal(s) eaten away from home have worse results for dieters than for non-dieters? 2)Why is it difficult to measure the effect of food away from home on diet quality? 3)Which statement is not a detail from the passage? 4)What is the meaning of the word "associated" in the first paragraph?

1)Breakfast and lunch eaten away from home are worse because they increase the percent of calories from saturated fats 2)Too many unknown variables affect the data. 3)Eating breakfast away from home can result in an increase in fatty protein consumption. 4)connected

Croatian-born inventor Nikola Tesla is often called the "forgotten scientist". Although he invented the alternating current (AC) motor and developed an AC electricity generation system, he never received historical credit for many of his achievements, unlike one of his first employer and eventual nemesis, inventor Thomas Edison Tesla made the first sketches of his idea for a brushless of his idea for a brushless AC motor while he was a student at the University of Prague in 1882. His interest in electricity generation led him to Paris where he was employed by the Continental Edison Company later that year to repair Edison's direct current (DC) power plants. Two years later, Tesla immigrated to New York City and acquired a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's headquarters in Manhattan. Edison was impressed with Tesla's work ethic and ingenuity. He challenged the young scientist to develop an improved design for his DC generators for $50,000. Tesla experimented for months, finally presenting Edison with the solution he needed. Edison reneged on the deal, telling Tesla that he didn't understand American humor. Tesla soon left Edison in order to begin his own electric light company Tesla filed and was granted more than 30 patents for his inventions in 1887 and 1888. He soon had financial backing for his ideas from one of Edison' main competitors, Westinghouse. In the 1890's Tesla experimented with x-rays, developed a high-voltage electrical transformer call the Tesla coil, and demonstrated the propagation of radio waves two years before the "Father of Radio" Guglielmo Marconi. He was also the first to harness the mammoth potential energy of Niagara Falls. he worked with General Electric to install AC generators with turbines driven by the falling waters of the Niagara River, creating the first modern power plant Although a brilliant scientist, Tesla was not an astute businessman. he created his own obscurity by relinquishing royalty rights for his inventions to major corporations for the purpose of raising funds for future projects. 1)What did Tesla accomplish while attending the University of Prague? A. Improved the design for Edison's DC generators. B. Made repairs to Edison's direct current power plants. C. Made designs for a brushless alternating current motor D. Developed a high-votage electrical transformer.

1)C

The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows: spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two card being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. if a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. obviously the team with the most tricks wins the hand. 1)The author want the reader to feel A. As though the game of Bridge is too hard for novices to learn. B. frustrated and confused about playing bridge C. confident and excited about learning the game of bridge D. Overwhelmed by all the rules for the games of Bridge. 2)Throughout this passage the word suit means A. A set of clothing to be worn together B. Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided. C to be convenient or right for D. To request or appeal persistently 3)In the passage, a trick is described as A. A special look given to your partner across the table B. A book that gives strategies on how to win a Bridge. C. A collection of one card played by each of four players. D. A specific card the dealer gives to the person to her right. 4)The passage explicitly states A. That the highest card within the "trump" suit always wins the trick. B. The Ace card is always the lowest card. C. That there is a pile of leftover" cards that is placed in the middle of the game table. D. that if a player cannot follow suit, she loses her turn to the next player. 5)The passage implies that A. playing bridge requires concentration. B. Bridge is an extremely easy game to play C. Bridge is only for older people D. Bridge is only for women

1)C - confident and excited about learning the game of bridge 2)B - Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided. 3)C - A collection of one card played by each of four players. 4)A - That the highest card within the "trump" suit always wins the trick. 5)A - playing bridge requires concentration.

Allergic Rhinitis Achoo! For people with allergic rhinitis, this sound is quite familiar. Sneezing is one of the many symptoms experienced by those with allergic rhinitis; other symptoms include runny nose, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, coughing, and itchy eyes, ears, nose, and throat. These symptoms can be irritating, but those who suffer from allergic rhinitis do have several treatment options. Allergies are caused by an altered immune response. When a person's immune response is functioning properly , the immune response When a person's immune response is altered, however, the immune system attacks foreign molecules, or antigens, that enter the body. When a person's immune response is altered, however, the immune system attacks substances that are not normally harmful to the body, such as peanuts ( in the case of allergies) or the body's own tissue ( in the case of autoimmune disease). Allergic rhinitis, specially, is caused when a person breathes in particles in the air that the immune system attacks, such as mold, pollen, dust mites, and animal dander. After exposure to these allergens, the body releases a chemical called histamine; this chemical causes many of the symptoms experienced by those with allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis can be treated in several ways. One option is avoidance of the allergen, such as not having pets, staying indoors on days of high pollen count, using allergen-protective mattress and pillow covers, and wearing a mask while cleaning. This option can be unrealistic, so often medication is used to treat allergic rhinitis. Medications used include antihistamines and corticosteroids, and decongestants. Both antihistamines and corticosteroids are available I n several forms, including oral, injection, nasal spray, and eye drops; decongestants are available as nasal sprays or oral medication. A third option to treat allergic rhinitis is immunotherapy. Through immunotherapy, the person is giving a small amount of the allergen, either by injection or sublingual ( under the tongue) tablet. The goal of immunotherapy is for the person's immune system to develop a tolerance for the allergen and, therefore, no longer produce an immune response to it. Immunotherapy is typically given for 3 to 5 years. 1)What is the main idea of the passage? A. Allergic rhinitis cannot be treated. B. Allergic rhinitis is caused by an altered immune response. C. Allergic rhinitis has a lot of irritating symptoms D. Allergic rhinitis symptoms are irritating, but treatment options are available. 2)Which statement is not listed as a detail in the passage? A. Histamine is a chemical that causes allergic rhinitis symptoms. B. Allergic rhinitis is caused by food allergens such as peanuts. C. Allergic rhinitis can be treated with immunotherapy. D. Sneezing, runny nose, and coughing are symptoms of allergic rhinitis. 3)What is the meaning of the word allergens in the second paragraph? A. Substances that caused and allergic reaction. B. Foreign molecules. C. Medications that treat allergic rhinitis. D. Chemicals released by the immune system 4)What is the writer's primary purpose in writing this essay? A. To inform the reader the cause of allergic rhinitis and how to treat it. B. To entertain the reader with a funny story about allergic rhinitis. C. To persuade the reader that immunotherapy is the best treatment for allergic rhinitis. D. To inform the reader about the body's immune responses. 5)What are the treatment options for all allergic described in the passage? A. Antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids B. Nasal spray, injection, and eye drops C. Antigens, histamine, and medication D. Avoidance, medication, and immunotherapy 6)Which of the following statements is an opinion? A. Allergies are the result of an altered immune response B. Immunotherapy is given for 3 to 5 years C. Allergic rhinitis symptoms are irritating D. Pollen an dust mites can cause allergic rhinitis

1)D 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)D 6)C

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you thing might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what is they asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work require a different type of response. Write a brief outlines of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 1)When taking a subjective examination, you will find questions like. A. True & False B. Multiple Choice C. Matching D. Definitions. 2)Compared to objective exams, essay test contain A. no good answers B. more questions C. fewer questions D. harder questions 3)From the article the reader can conclude that a test containing true-false question is called. A. subjective B. rejective C. objective D. Dejective 4)Compared to objective exams, subjective tests contain A. more questions. B. fewer questions C. harder questions D. no good answers.

1)D - Definitions. 2)C - fewer questions 3)C - Objective 4)B - fewer questions

The ability to see at a distance, in good light, does not diminish as a result of aging to the extent that other visual acuities do. Myopia, or nearsightedness, is more common to younger eyes, while presbyopia, or farsightedness, more commonly afflicts people as they age. The word presbyopia comes from Greek presbys, "old man," and opia, "eye," and names a condition in which, because the lens of the eye hardens slightly and loses elasticity as a person ages, one cannot as easily focus sharply on nearby objects. This condition leads to the familiar habit of lifting up one's glasses and bringing an object or reading material close to the face so that the eyes can more easily focus on it. The function of the lens is to accommodate different focal points so that sensory data can be correctly directed to the retina for interpretation into images by the brain. Corrective lenses, particularly bifocals or progressive lenses, adjust for the focal point aberration. In essence, they do the work that the eye can no longer do for itself 1)In the context of the passage, "accommodate" means to 2)The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statements relating corrective lenses and aging eyes? 3) What was the author's primary purpose for writing this essay?

1)In the context of the passage, "accommodate" means to -make allowances for 2)The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statements relating corrective lenses and aging eyes? -A hiker reinforces a fraying backpack strap with duct tape Explanation: To answer this question, we must go back to the passage to see what it says about how corrective lenses aid the eye. The last sentence of the passage states that the corrective lenses "do the work that the eye can no longer do for itself." We need to find a similar relationship: something doing work that can no longer be done by something else. The correct answer describes such a relationship. The damaged strap can no longer fulfill its task; the duct tape bolsters the strap so it can do the task instead. The frayed strap cannot repair itself, so the situation is not temporary. 3) What was the author's primary purpose for writing this essay? -to describe how eyes age and the function of the corrective lens

Neurologists and biological psychologists have witnessed a sharp increase in the knowledge and understanding of particular structures of the brain over the past two decades. As technology becomes ever more advanced, scientists are able to isolate the functions of even small regions of the human brain. One noteworthy discovery is the role of the amygdala in human fear and aggression. The amygdala, a small, almond-shaped conglomerate, is just one part of the limbic system. Located at the very center of the brain, the limbic system is the core of our 'emotional brain;' each individual structure in the limbic system is somehow connected to an aspect of human emotion. Scientists have found that electrode stimulation of the amygdala can elicit extreme and aggressive acts. Patients or experimental subjects who experience this utter rage and fearlessness have no rational foundation for their reaction. In other words, this aggression is wholly attributable to electrode stimulation. On the other hand, patients with trauma or damage to this structure exhibit a complete absence of aggression. Researchers find that no amount of poking, prodding or harassment will evoke even remotely aggressive responses from these subjects. 1)The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of the following? 2) Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage? 3)What is the main idea of the passage?

1)The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of the following? -A stroke that resulted in severe tissue damage in the limbic system. Explanation: The author states that "patients with trauma or damage to this structure [the amygdala] exhibit a complete absence of aggression." Earlier in the passage the author indicates that the amygdala is located centrally in the brain's limbic system, which is responsible for emotional regulation. 2) Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage? -typically temperamental rhesus monkeys with amygdala damage are completely imperturbable. 3)What is the main idea of the passage? -Scientists have learned a lot about how the amygdala affects human emotion.

A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. A DNA molecule is 2 nanometers in diameter. Protein molecules are about 10 nanometers in diameter. A human hair is 100,000 nanometers in diameter. But what is a nanometer and how does it relate to technology? Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, a scale at which unique properties of materials emerge that can be used to develop novel technologies and products. At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ from the properties of matter either at smaller scales, such as atoms, or at larger scales that we use in everyday life such as millimeters or inches. Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter only a few nanometers in size. Gold nanoparticles are made of the same material as in jewelry. But when light interacts with particles of gold, different colors are reflected. The different colors can be used in simple medical tests to indicate infection or disease. Metals such as copper become extremely rigid at the nanoscale, rather than bendable as in copper wires seen in everyday use. 1)What is the major difference between matter at the nanoscale and matter at larger scales such as millimeters or inches? 2)Which claim from the passage best describes the benefits of nanotechnology? 3)What is the author's primary purpose in writing this essay?

1)What is the major difference between matter at the nanoscale and matter at larger scales such as millimeters or inches? -Matter has different and special characteristics at the nanoscale. Explanation: Nanotechnology is the science of studying very small pieces of matter. A nanometer is bigger than an atom, but smaller than a millimeter. The author explains that matter at the nanoscale and matter at larger scales both have different and special characteristics: "At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ from the properties of matter either at smaller scales, such as atoms, or at larger scales that we use in everyday life such as millimeters or inches." 2)Which claim from the passage best describes the benefits of nanotechnology? -Scientists can develop novel technologies and products Explanation: Nanotechnology is the science of studying very small particles of matter. The author states that it is a new field that may help scientists develop new technologies and products that will be helpful in industry and medicine as a result of the different ways that matter behaves at the nanoscale. 3)What is the author's primary purpose in writing this essay? -to describe nanotechnology and what it is

Cystic fibrosis is a disease that is passed down through families. It is caused by a defective gene that makes the body produce abnormally thick and sticky fluid, called mucus. This mucus builds up in the breathing passages of the lungs and in the pancreas. The buildup of mucus results in life-threatening lung infections and serious digestion problems. The disease may also affect the sweat glands and a man's reproductive system. Millions of Americans carry a CF gene, but do not have symptoms. This is because a person with CF must inherit two defective genes, one from each parent. About 1 in 29 Caucasian Americans have the CF gene. It is more common among those of northern or central European descent. Most children with CF are diagnosed by age 2. For a small number, the disease is not detected until age 18 or older. These children often have a milder form of the disease 1)Which of the following describes the purpose of the passage? 2)In context, the word "defective" in the first sentence of the passage means which of the following? 3)Which statement is not a detail from the passage?

1)Which of the following describes the purpose of the passage? -to overview the causes of CF and how it is carried explanation: The first paragraph explains what CF is, and the second paragraph goes into detail about how it is carried. The correct answer choice here must describe the function of the ENTIRE passage. The other choices are specific to only one sentence or one paragraph. In context, the word "defective" in the first sentence of the passage means which of the following? -faulty Which statement is not a detail from the passage? -About 1 in 39 Caucasian Americans have the CF gene expalanation:

Alfalfa thrives on land which contains lime, and gives poor results when this ingredient is deficient. The explanation is simple: {there is a community of interest between the very low microscopic animal life, known as bacteria, and plant life, generally.} In every ounce of soil there are millions of these living germs which have their allotted work to do, and they thrive best in soils containing lime. If one digs up a root of alfalfa (it need not be an old plant, the youngest plant will show the same peculiarity), and care is taken in exposing the root (perhaps the best method is the washing away of the surrounding earth by water), some small nodules attached to the fine, hair-like roots are easily distinguished with the naked eye. These nodules are the home of a teeming, microscopic, industrious population, who perform their allotted work with the silent, persistent energy so often displayed in nature 1)Which of the following is an accurate paraphrasing of the marked phrase? 2)In the context in which it appears, "naked" most nearly means which of the following? 3)Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? 4)The author of the passage suggests which of the following about bacteria?

1)Which of the following is an accurate paraphrasing of the marked phrase? -Bacteria and alfalfa plants have a symbiotic relationship Explanation: This question asks you to choose the sentence that has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase. Paraphrase the underlined portion in your own words, and then select the answer choice that best fits. "A community of interest" indicates that bacteria and alfalfa plants work together. This type of relationship can be described as symbiotic. 2)In the context in which it appears, "naked" most nearly means which of the following? -unaided Explanation: For this vocab-in-context question, go back to the passage and re-read the containing sentence. Consider what is meant by the word; usually a secondary meaning is used. Predict an answer and eliminate incorrect choices. Here, naked indicates that only the eye, and not a microscope, is necessary to see the nodules. 3)Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? -A soil without lime will not grow bacteria Explanation: This is a 'NOT' question, so we need to eliminate answer choices that are reasonable inferences based on details from the passage. Answer choices (A) and (D) can be inferred from the mention that young plants still display the same "peculiarity." In addition, since answer choices (A) and (D) seem to suggest the same thing, namely that younger alfalfa plants will have more bacteria than older alfalfa plants, they cannot both be invalid inferences, so you should eliminate (A) and (D). Answer choice (C) can be eliminated because the author describes the nodules as the "home" of the bacteria. Finally, nothing in the passage allows us to infer that "a soil without lime will not grow bacteria". The correct answer is (B). 4)The author of the passage suggests which of the following about bacteria? -Bacteria is compact by nature.

Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually, many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. Generally speaking, these early musicians couldn't make very much money and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 1. The Passage answers which of the following questions? (a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after about 1900? (b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music? (c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the twentieth century? (d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music? 2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (a) Chicago (b) St. Louis (c) along the Mississippi river (d) New Orleans 3. The word "welded" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (a) squeezed (b) bound (c) added (d) stirred 4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression? (a) the use of cornets (b) "hot Jazz" (c) improvisation (d) New Orleans 5. The word "skeletal" in line 15 is closest in meaning to (a) framework (b) musical (c) basic (d) essential 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight (b) there is no slow music in Jazz (c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical training (d) the cornet is the most common musical instrument used in Jazz 7. The word "menial" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (a) mens (b) attractive (c) degrading (d) skilled 8. According to the passage, which of the following belonged to the second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians? (a) Louis Armstrong (b) Buddy Bolden (c) St. Louis (d) Joe Oliver 9. All of the following are true EXCEPT (a) the late 1930s was called the "swing era" (b) "hot Jazz" is rhythmic (c) Jazz has been said to be America's greatest contribution to music (d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician 10. The word "its" in line 21 refers to (a) small bands (b) earlier music (c) men (d) earlier musicians 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? (a) "improvisation" (line 12) (b) "traditional" (line 12) (c) "composer" (line 12) (d) "score" (line 14)

1. The Passage answers which of the following questions? (a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after about 1900? (b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music? CORRECT (c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the twentieth century? (d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music? 2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (a) Chicago (b) St. Louis (c) along the Mississippi river (d) New Orleans CORRECT 3. The word "welded" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (a) squeezed (b) bound CORRECT (c) added (d) stirred 4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression? (a) the use of cornets (b) "hot Jazz" (c) improvisation CORRECT (d) New Orleans 5. The word "skeletal" in line 15 is closest in meaning to (a) framework CORRECT (b) musical (c) basic (d) essential 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight (b) there is no slow music in Jazz (c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical training CORRECT (d) the cornet is the most common musical instrument used in Jazz 7. The word "menial" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (a) mens (b) attractive (c) degrading CORRECT (d) skilled 8. According to the passage, which of the following belonged to the second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians? (a) Louis Armstrong (b) Buddy Bolden (c) St. Louis (d) Joe Oliver CORRECT 9. All of the following are true EXCEPT (a) the late 1930s was called the "swing era" (b) "hot Jazz" is rhythmic (c) Jazz has been said to be America's greatest contribution to music (d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician CORRECT 10. The word "its" in line 21 refers to (a) small bands (b) earlier music CORRECT (c) men (d) earlier musicians 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? (a) "improvisation" (line 12) CORRECT (b) "traditional" (line 12) (c) "composer" (line 12) (d) "score" (line 14)

Safe Driving

1. What is the best meaning of the word advocate as used in the forth sentence of this paragraph? -supporter 2.What is stated in this paragraph ? -each individuals driving behavior is the key to automobile safety 3.What is implied by this paragraph ? -Government action will not help if individual drivers do not cooperate 4.The author seems to think that? -all cars should be properly inspected 5.the authors motive for writing the paragraph seems to have been to? -get people personally involved with traffic safety

Getting a Good nights sleep

1. Why the author wrote this passage? -to explain insomnia& propose some sulotions for the condition 2.Sleep apena causes? -Chronic illness 3. Insomnia affects intellectual abilities because it -causes a deficit in memory, concentration, and attention 4.What is stated in the passage? -physical illness can cause chronic insomnia 5. Which is a solution for insomnia? -developing good sleep habits and taking herbs and spices

The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows: spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. if a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card withing the trump suit wins the trick. obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. 1.The author want the reader to feel 2.Throughout this passage the word suit means 3.In the passage, a trick is described as 4.The passage explicitly states

1.The author want the reader to feel -confident and excited about learning the game of bridge 2.Throughout this passage the word suit means -Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided 3.In the passage, a trick is described as -A collection of one card played by each of four players 4.The passage explicitly states -That the highest card withing the "trump" suit always wins the trick 5.The passage implies that -playing bridge requires concentration

The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 22. Why did the author write the passage? (a) to outline the ways immigration has been restricted (b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from Europe (c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a "melting pot" (d) to summarize the main features of immigration 23. According to the passage, which ancestry predominated at the time of the first census? (a) Native Americans (b) Negroes (c) English (d) Hispanic 24. The word "ancestry" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (a) origins (b) inheritance (c) color (d) freedom 25. The word "their" in line 5 refers to which of the following (a) immigrants (b) people of Hispanic origin (c) white citizens (d) Native Americans 26. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) a quota system was in place from 1908 (b) a peak period of immigration was in the late 1800s and early 1900s (c) slaves were not counted in the first census (d) only those who paid taxes were included in the first census 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100 years to 1915 was (a) probably about 1 million (b) about 35 million (c) 8.4 million (d) about 4 million 28. The word "concept" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (a) location (b) type (c) complexity (d) thought 29. The word "virtually" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (a) effectively (b) occasionally (c) thoroughly (d) undeservedly 30. Which of the following is NOT true about immigrants (a) they were subjected to an official quota in the Immigration Act from 1924 (b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1 percent of the total population (c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries before those from Europe (d) numbers began to be limited from 1921 31. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage (a) preserving a developing "American" culture was a major factor leading to the introduction of the quota system (b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as planned (c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased if the quota system had not been introduced (d) the quota system was introduced to limit population growth

22. Why did the author write the passage? (a) to outline the ways immigration has been restricted (b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from Europe (c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a "melting pot" (d) to summarize the main features of immigration CORRECT 23. According to the passage, which ancestry predominated at the time of the first census? (a) Native Americans (b) Negroes (c) English CORRECT (d) Hispanic 24. The word "ancestry" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (a) origins CORRECT (b) inheritance (c) color (d) freedom 25. The word "their" in line 5 refers to which of the following (a) immigrants (b) people of Hispanic origin (c) white citizens CORRECT (d) Native Americans 26. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) a quota system was in place from 1908 (b) a peak period of immigration was in the late 1800s and early 1900s CORRECT (c) slaves were not counted in the first census (d) only those who paid taxes were included in the first census 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100 years to 1915 was (a) probably about 1 million (b) about 35 million CORRECT (c) 8.4 million (d) about 4 million 28. The word "concept" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (a) location (b) type (c) complexity (d) thought CORRECT 29. The word "virtually" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (a) effectively CORRECT (b) occasionally (c) thoroughly (d) undeservedly 30. Which of the following is NOT true about immigrants (a) they were subjected to an official quota in the Immigration Act from 1924 (b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1 percent of the total population CORRECT (c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries before those from Europe (d) numbers began to be limited from 1921 31. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage (a) preserving a developing "American" culture was a major factor leading to the introduction of the quota system CORRECT (b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as planned (c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased if the quota system had not been introduced (d) the quota system was introduced to limit population growth

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a number of architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs, and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughtsmen downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities, and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop in itself. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 32. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? (a) the development of modern architecture in America (b) the contributions of the "Prairie" School to modern architecture (c) the life and achievements of a famous architect (d) the influence of the style of "organic architecture" in America 33. Frank Lloyd Wright first worked as a draughtsman because (a) for twenty years he lived above his shop and employed draughtsmen (b) to learn the language of architecture CORRECT (c) that is what he studied at the University of Wisconsin (d) that is the work of new employees in architectural firms 34. The word "some" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (a) around CORRECT (b) over (c) nearly (d) exactly 35. According to the passage, an idyllic American suburb is (a) based on forms borrowed from nature (b) blended into the landscape (c) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences CORRECT (d) houses with low-pitched reefs and extended lines 36. The word "blended" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (a) dug (b) cut (c) imposed (d) merged CORRECT 37. The word "itself" in line 17 refers to (a) social workshop (b) Taliesin Fellowship CORRECT (c) He (d) Major universities 38. The word "idiosyncratic" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (a) idiotic (b) idealistic (c) individualistic CORRECT (d) independent 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of money (b) many of Wright's architectural ideas have not been taken up by others CORRECT (c) Wright used his wife's money to set up his own architectural office in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago (d) Some of Wright's most notable buildings have been demolished because they were not popular 40. All of the following about Frank Lloyd Wright are true EXCEPT (a) he became the leader of a style known as "organic architecture" CORRECT (b) he died at the age of 92 (c) he commenced university studies at the age of 15 (d) some of his most spectacular buildings were not in America

32. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? (a) the development of modern architecture in America (b) the contributions of the "Prairie" School to modern architecture (c) the life and achievements of a famous architect (d) the influence of the style of "organic architecture" in America 33. Frank Lloyd Wright first worked as a draughtsman because (a) for twenty years he lived above his shop and employed draughtsmen (b) to learn the language of architecture CORRECT (c) that is what he studied at the University of Wisconsin (d) that is the work of new employees in architectural firms 34. The word "some" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (a) around CORRECT (b) over (c) nearly (d) exactly 35. According to the passage, an idyllic American suburb is (a) based on forms borrowed from nature (b) blended into the landscape (c) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences CORRECT (d) houses with low-pitched reefs and extended lines 36. The word "blended" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (a) dug (b) cut (c) imposed (d) merged CORRECT 37. The word "itself" in line 17 refers to (a) social workshop (b) Taliesin Fellowship CORRECT (c) He (d) Major universities 38. The word "idiosyncratic" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (a) idiotic (b) idealistic (c) individualistic CORRECT (d) independent 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of money (b) many of Wright's architectural ideas have not been taken up by others CORRECT (c) Wright used his wife's money to set up his own architectural office in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago (d) Some of Wright's most notable buildings have been demolished because they were not popular 40. All of the following about Frank Lloyd Wright are true EXCEPT (a) he became the leader of a style known as "organic architecture" CORRECT (b) he died at the age of 92 (c) he commenced university studies at the age of 15 (d) some of his most spectacular buildings were not in America

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heydey of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 41. Why did the author write the passage? (a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots (b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer (c) to outline the healing power of maggots CORRECT (d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics 42. The word "renaissance" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (a) revival CORRECT (b) resistance (c) support (d) condemnation 43. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because (a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week (b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings (c) the soldiers abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots (d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital CORRECT 44. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots (b) maggots only eat dead tissue (c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots (d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue CORRECT 45. The word "devour" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (a) chew (b) clean (c) change (d) consume CORRECT 46. The word "thrive" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (a) prosper (b) eat (c) move (d) grow CORRECT 47. The word "metamorphose" in line 22 is closest in meaning to (a) disappear (b) grow (c) change CORRECT (d) move 48. The word "they" in line 23 refers to (a) flies (b) maggots CORRECT (c) gangrene-causing bacteria (d) live patients 49. All of the following are true EXCEPT (a) maggots come from eggs CORRECT (b) maggots eat bacteria (c) maggots are larvae (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot 50. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots? (a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight infection (b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been discovered CORRECT (c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy (d) sulfa drugs were developed from maggots

41. Why did the author write the passage? (a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots (b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer (c) to outline the healing power of maggots CORRECT (d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics 42. The word "renaissance" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (a) revival CORRECT (b) resistance (c) support (d) condemnation 43. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because (a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week (b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings (c) the soldiers abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots (d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital CORRECT 44. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots (b) maggots only eat dead tissue (c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots (d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue CORRECT 45. The word "devour" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (a) chew (b) clean (c) change (d) consume CORRECT 46. The word "thrive" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (a) prosper (b) eat (c) move (d) grow CORRECT 47. The word "metamorphose" in line 22 is closest in meaning to (a) disappear (b) grow (c) change CORRECT (d) move 48. The word "they" in line 23 refers to (a) flies (b) maggots CORRECT (c) gangrene-causing bacteria (d) live patients 49. All of the following are true EXCEPT (a) maggots come from eggs CORRECT (b) maggots eat bacteria (c) maggots are larvae (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot 50. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots? (a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight infection (b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been discovered CORRECT (c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy (d) sulfa drugs were developed from maggots