Chapter 9

2. Orangutans lack a round ligament (ligamentum teres). What is a possible functional implication?

The orangutan hip joint has a greater range of motion than humans

22. Suppose a stage actor feigning shyness stood flat-footed, with heels apart but toes touching each other. She or he would be exhibiting

medial rotation of the hip

58. Cartilaginous structures found in the knee joint and TMJ are _____.

menisci

69. A _____ joint is one where a bone can move only in one plane.

monoaxial

61. The joints between the atlas and axis and between the radius and ulna are ____ ____.

pivot joints

21. What action occurs at the ankle joint when a person stands on tiptoes to reach for something on a high shelf?

plantar flexioin

42. Which is NOT a feature of osteoarthritis?

presence of autoantibodies

3. Which movement is limited to the forearm?

pronation

26. The most likely function of a synostosis is to

protect delicate organs

19. If you hug yourself to keep warm, the shoulders are

protracted

5. Which of these is NOT associated with the shoulder joint?

radial lateral collateral ligament

65. The maximum angle through which a joint can move is its ____ ___ _____.

rage of motion

23. An army recruit has been called to military attention and has thrown back her shoulders. This action involves

retraction of the shoulders

76. _________ is a general term for pain in the bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

rheumatism

75. A physician who deals with the diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders is called a(n) __________.

rheumatologist

62. The ____ _____ is a structure formed by tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles.

rotator cuff

59. The trapeziometacarpal joint is classified as a ____ ____.

saddle joint

29. What is the classification of the joint between the parietal bones at the top of the head?

serrate suture

41. Which joint is multiaxial?

shoulder joint

73. Select all that are examples of synostoses.

__X__ Fusion of left and right frontal bones. __X__ Fusion of left and right mandibular bones. __X__ Fusion of some cranial bones as sutures ossify.

32. A metacarpophalangeal joint is

a condylar joint

24. A fibrous joint CANNOT also be

a diarthrosis

45. A torn tendon or ligament is the cause of

a sprain

9. If two bones are joined so firmly together they cannot move, they form

a synostosis

17. If you are sitting on a sofa and raise your arm to rest it on the back of the sofa, what action must occur at the shoulder joint?

abduction

18. Which of the following actions does NOT need to occur at the temporomandibular joint when you are chewing a bite of a sandwich?

abduction

25. What movement occurs at the radioulnar joint?

supination

11. Two flat bones are joined by short, collagenous fibers and there is little movement. How would you classify the joint?

suture

53. The ____ are largely immovable fibrous joints that hold skull bones together.

sutures

52. The term for fibrous joints is ______.

synarthroses

63. The ____ _____ is a lip of connective tissue that deepens the socket of the hip and helps stabilize the joint.

acetabular labrum

27. Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. This action requires

adduction of the fingers

4. Which of these is NOT part of the temporomandibular joint?

annular ligament

38. Hyperextension of the knee is prevented partially by the

anterior cruciate ligament

33. The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides EXCEPT _____, which partially explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations.

anteriorly

67. The _____ ____ encircles the head of the radius and enables it to pivot on the ulna.

anular ligament

78. _________ is the replacement of a diseased joint with an artificial prosthesis.

arthoplasty

71. The term _______ is another name for a joint between two bones.

articulation

70. The only multiaxial joints in the body are classified as ____ __ ____ joints.

ball and socket

8. The humerus is held in the glenoid cavity more securely by the _____ than by any other structure.

bicep brachii tendon

44. A tendon sheath is a modified

bursa

57. A ____ is a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid found adjacent to a joint cavity.

bursa

68. The _____ tendon of the ankle limits the range of dorsiflexion.

calcaneal achilles

30. As you take a bite from an apple, you are using mainly ___ of the mandible.

depression and elevation

60. Freely moveable joints are _____.

diarthroses

1. Which movement is limited to the foot?

dorsiflexion

34. Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of which joint?

elbow

10. The hyaline costal cartilage that attaches the first rib to the sternum forms

synchondrosis

54. When bones are joined by hyaline cartilage, such as occurs between the epiphysis and diaphysis during growth, the joint is classified as a ______.

synchondrosis

66. When two long bones are joined by an interosseous membrane, the joint is a ______.

syndesmosis

51. Immovable joints formed by the fusion of two bones are ______.

synotoses

55. ___ ____ is the lubricant in the joint cavity of a diarthrosis.

synovial fuid

12. Which joint has a meniscus?

temporomandibular

31. The hip socket is

the acetabulum

7. The rotator cuff includes tendons of all of the following muscles EXCEPT

the biceps brachii

13. Which of the following joints is multiaxial?

the coxal joint

35. The round ligament (ligamentum teres) arises from

the fovea capitis

37. Which feature contributes least to the stability of the hip joint?

the round ligament

39. Which is NOT associated with the ankle joint?

the tibial (medial) collateral ligament

40. Which joint is NOT monoaxial?

trapeziometacarpal

72. After epiphyseal plates close in early adulthood, a synostosis remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

true

14. To raise your hand and touch the shoulder on that side involves ______ of the elbow.

flexion

15. To raise your hand and place it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you involves ______ of the shoulder.

flexion

36. The patella and femur form a _____ joint.

gliding

49. A man complains of swelling and pain in the big toe. What condition would be a likely cause?

gout

20. A person raises their chin to look at a plane flying overhead. This action is

hyperextension of the neck

28. Suppose you are looking at the back of your hand and you bend the wrist backward to admire a new ring. What is the action?

hyperextension of the wrist

6. Which of these is a plane (gliding) joint?

intercarpal joints

47. What is NOT a feature of rheumatoid arthritis?

it affects 85% of people older than 70

43. Which is NOT true of synovial fluid?

it is produced by cells in the fibrous capsule

48. What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

it prevents the femur from sliding forward off the tibia

50. What is the term for the study of musculoskeletal movement?

kinesiology

77. Select the examples of joints that have available prostheses.

knee finger shoulder elbow

64. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments help to stabilize the ____ ____.

knee joint

74. Two cranial bones join by overlapping beveled edges. In other words, they are adjoined by a _________ suture.

lap

46. Which of the following does NOT affect range of motion?

length of articulating bones

56. The fibrous bands that connect bones to one another are _____.

ligaments

16. Football tackles usually entail contact from the lateral side of the knee. What is (are) the most likely injury(ies) that would result?

C. Tears of the medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament