Chapter 9: Virtualization & Cloud Computing

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

- includes network, computers (virtual or dedicated), & storage - typically used by organization infrastructure & network architects - advantages~ organizations do not need to invest in capital equipment & only pay for usage on-demand & provider network includes redundancy & eliminates a single point of failure

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

- includes tools & services used to deliver the applications - includes OS & applications stack - typically requested by application & software developers

Guest OS

- operating system that is running in the VM - guest OS is independent of the host OS

Software as a Service (SaaS)

- software application (eg. email, office 365) are provided over the network on a subscription basis ' - typically used by end users - Advantages ~ minimal upfront costs for customers & immediate application availability

Virtual application streaming/cloud-based applications

- to provide on-demand software delivery - when user requests an application, minimal application code is forwarded to client (client pulls additional code from cloud server as required)

Host computer

physical computer controlled by a user ~ VMs use the system resources of host machine to boot & run an OS

Community Cloud

serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations

Private Cloud

strict access security

Windows Virtual Desktop (WVD)

~ Virtual desktop enabled edition of Windows 10 that runs on modern or legacy computer or remotely on Azure virtual machines

CLOUD SERVICES

~ defined by the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) in their Special Publication (800-145)

Virtual Desktop (infrastructure VDI)

~ deploy entire desktop environment from a server in a data center to clients - created by VM controlled by a hypervisor - all computing on VDI is done on servers

Cloud-based Email

~ email requirements (yahoo)

Virtualization

~ enables a single computer to host multiple independent virtual computers that share the host computer hardware from the virtual machine (VM) - has their own OS & connect to hardware resources through software running on the host computer - all VMs share the resources of the host computer - limiting factor on # of VMs running at same time = amount of processing power, memory, & storage

Cloud file storage solutions

~ for corporate data (google drive) - some include synchronization apps. either provided by vendors or commercially available apps.

Cloud Computing

~ separates applications from the hardware - provides organizations with on-demand delivery of computing services over the network - service providers ~ Amazon Web Services (AWS) own & manage cloud infrastructure -- includes ~ networking devices, servers, & storage devices & is usually housed in a data center

Server Virtualization

~ takes advantage of idle resources to reduce the # of servers required to provide services to users - *HYPERVISOR* ~ used to manage the computer resources & various VMs (support multiple virtual instances of the OS)

Client-Side Virtualization

~ to enable users with specific needs to run VMs on their local computer - provides users w/resources to test new OS, software, or to run older software (can be used to sandbox & create a secure isolated environment to open or run a suspicious file)

Host operating system (host OS)

~ users can use a virtualization emulator such as VirtualBox on the host OS to create & manage VMs

Advantages of Server Virtualization

- better use of resources (reduces the # of physical servers, networking devices, supporting infrastructure & maintenance costs - less energy consumed - faster server provisioning - improved disaster recovery - less space required - reduced cost - maximize server uptime - support for legacy systems

Type 1 & 2 Hypervisors

(Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) = brain of virtualization) ~ allocates the physical system resources - TYPE 1 (native) HYPERVISOR = bare-metal hypervisor & typically used w/server virtualization/ runs directly on the hardware of a host & manages the allocation of system resources to virtual OS (most common in data centers & in cloud computing) - TYPE 2 (hosted) HYPERVISOR = hosted by an OS & is commonly used with client-side virtualization (VMware workstation)

Cloud Computing Characteristics

- *On-demand (self-service)* ~ individuals can provision or make changes to computing services as needed w/o requiring human interaction w/ service provider - *Rapid elasticity* ~ services can be provisioned when needed & then released very quickly when no longer required - *Resource pooling* ~ to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model (each tenant shares the diff.physical & virtual resources dynamically assigned/reassigned according to consumer demand)/ ex. storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth - *Measured & metered service* ~ cloud systems provide service performance measurements that can be used to automatically control & optimize resources using a metering mechanism / used to set thresholds + provide reports for both the provider & service consumer - * Broad network access* ~ capabilities are available over network & can be accessed using smartphones, tablets, laptops, & workstations

Windows Hyper-V Requirements for Windows 10

- Host OS: Windows 10 Pro or Windows Server (2012 & 2016) - Processor: Processor, 64-bit Processor w/ Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) - BIOS: CPU support for VM Monitor Mode Extension (VT-c on Intel CPU's) - Memory: Minimum 4GB system RAM - Hard Disk Space: At least 15 GB per VM

Windows Hyper-V Requirements for Windows 8

- Host OS: Windows 8 Pro or Enterprise 64 bit OS - Processor: 64-bit Processor w/ Second Level Address Translation - BIOS: BIOS-level Hardware Virtualization support - Memory: At least 4GB system RAM - Hard Disk Space: At least 15 GB per Virtual OS

Virtual Machine requirements

- Processor support - (Intel VT & AMD-V) = multiple cores = recommended as the additional cores increase speed & responsiveness when running multiple VMs - Memory support = need memory for host OS & will now need enough RAM to meet requirements of each VM and their guest OS - Storage = each VM creates very large files to store OS, applications, & all of the VM data (active VM = require a few GB of storage space) -- large & fast drives = recommended - Network requirements = depend on the type of VM / can be configured in a bridged, NAT, host-only, or a special network to connect only to other VMs - to connect to the Internet, a VM uses a virtual network adapter (connect through physical NIC to establish a connection to the Internet) that stimulates the real host adapter

Windows Hyper-V Requirements for Windows 7

- Processor: 1GHz 32-bit or 64-bit processor - Memory: 2GB - Hard Disk Space: 15 GB per Virtual OS

Traditional Server Deployment: - Problems Include: Wasted Resources Single-Point of Failure Server Sprawl

- Wasted resources: occurs when dedicated servers sit idle for long periods waiting until they are needed to deliver their specific service (servers waste energy) - Single-Point of Failure: occurs when a dedicated server fails or goes offline (no backup servers to handle the failure) - Server Sprawl: occurs when an organization does not have adequate space to physically house underutilized servers (servers take up more space than is warranted by the services that they provide)

"What is the *CLOUD*?" (video notes)

- traditionally, store data & software programs on computer's hard disk drive = local storage (maybe lost/not available) *CLOUD* ~ means the info is stored somewhere else remotely accessible over the network & typically over the Internet - applications can be accessed using a web browser = web apps -- app.software that is stored on a remote server & delivered over the Internet through the web browser (Chrome or Firefox) - allows for remote file storage & file sharing - cautious to trust info to the third party - Adv. ~ always-on availability, no single point of failure, improved collaboration, easier software maintenance ("in the cloud")

Hybrid Cloud

A combination of public and private clouds.

Public Cloud

Available to everyone over the internet