Chapter 9 Wounds

List some wounds that you should immediately call 9-1-1 on

-Bleeding from a cut that does not slow during the first 15 minutes of steady pressure -Signs of shock occur -Breathing is difficult because of a cut to the chest or neck -A deep cut to the abdomen causes moderate to severe pain -A cut occurs to the eyeball -A cut amputates or partially amputates an extremity

Impalement on cheek care (3)

1) Examine the situation. If it extends through the cheek and you are more than 1 hour from medical help, consider removing it 2) Place two fingers next to the object, straddling it; gently pull it in the direction fro which it entered. If you can't easily remove it, secure it with bandages 3) Control the bleeding (inside and outside the wound

Name and explain 2 types of gunshot wounds

1) Laceration and crushing: The bullet goes in and crushes/laceration the tissue. Comparable to a stab wound. Caused by low velocity bullets 2) Shock waves and temporary cavitation: The bullet creates a powerful shock wave that pushes tissue away to create a temporary cavity of up to 30 times the diameter of the bullet. This creates a vacuum, and debris is pulled in. Cause by high velocity bullets, this wound can damage other body parts

Care for open wounds (3)

1) Protect yourself against disease by wearing exam gloves 2) Expose the wound by removing or cutting away the clothing to find the source of the bleeding 3) control the bleeding 4) Clean the wound (including removing small objects with tweezers)

Fishhook removal (3)

1) Tape fishhook in place and do not remove it if it injury to a nearby body part is possible or if the person is not cooperative 2) If the point of a fishhook has penetrated the skin, but the barb has not, remove the fishhook by backing it out, then treat as a puncture wound 3)If it has entered the skin, transport to a physician/hospital, or remove the hook either using the pliers method or the string jerk method if away from civilization

How to remove cactus spines (4)

1) Use tweezers to remove spines OR 2) Coat area with a thin layer of white woodworking glue or rubber cement and allow it to dry for at least 30 minutes. Slowly roll up the dried glue to remove the spines with tweezers OR 3) Use tape (only removes like 30%) BUT DON'T 4) Do not use super glue. It welds the spines to the skin.

What are the 6 types of open wounds?

1) abrasion 2) laceration 3) incision 4) punctures 5) avulsion 6) amputation

Name and describe the three types of amputation:

1-A clean amputation -- A clean cut, complete detachment 2-a crushing amputation -- when an extremity separates b being crushed or mashed off 3-degloving -- when the skin is peeled off

What 5 types of wounds have a high potential for infection?

1-Bite wounds 2-Very dirty or contaminated wounds 3-crushing, ragged wounds 4-wounds over injured bone, joint, or tendon 5-puncture wounds

4 steps of care for amputation:

1-Call 9-1-1 2-control bleeding, and apply a tourniquet or a hemostatic dressing 3-treat for shock 4-care for amputated part (wrap in gauze, put in sandwich bag, put on ice, send to hospital)

Large Object Impalement care (5)

1-Do NOT remove or move the object 2-Stabalize the object 3-If bleeding, apply direct pressure around the base of the object, not on the object or on the skin next to the sharp edges of the object 4-If necessary, reduce the length or weight by cutting or breaking object 5-Call 9-1-1

Impaled object in eye care (4)

1-Do not exert any pressure against the eyeball 2-Stabilize the object (doughnut shaped ring, paper cup. gauze) 3-Cover the uninjured eye to prevent sympathetic eye movement 4-Call 9-1-1

Explain the string-jerk method (5)

1-Loop fishing line over the curve of the hook 2-Stabilize the part of the body that has the hook in it 3-Use an ice pack or hard pressure around the hook to provide temporary numbness 4-Press down on the hook's eye and jerk the fishing line parallel to the skin's surface 5-Care for the wound and seek medical attention for possible tetanus

7 steps to treat a gunshot wound

1-Monitor breathing 2-Expose the wound (look at all areas of skin) 3-Control bleeding with direct pressure 4-Apply dressings and bandages 5-Treat the person for shock 6-Keep the person calm and quiet 7-Seek immediate medical care

Sliver treatment (4)

1-Remove with tweezers 2-wash with soap and water 3- apply antibiotic ointment 4-apply an adhesive bandage

What to do for an infected open wound (5)

1-Soak the wound in warm water OR apply warm, wet packs over the wound. Separate the wound edges to allow pus to escape 2-Apply an antibiotic ointment 3-Change the dressing several times a day 4-Give pain medication 5-Seek medical care IF the infection becomes worse. Especially if chills ro fever develop.

Signs/symptoms of infection (7)

1-Swelling and redness around wound 2-Feeling of increased temperature 3-throbbing pain 4-pus 5-fever 6-swelling of lymph nodes 7-staph (red streaks)

Explain the pliers method (5)

1-Use pliers to cut through hook 2-Use an ice pack or hard pressure around the hook to provide temporary numbness 3-Push the hook further in until the point and the barb come through the skin 4-Cut off the barb and back the hook out the way it came in 5-Treat the wound and seek medical attention for possible tetanus

3 steps of care for avulsion

1-gently move the skin back to its normal position 2-cover with a sterile or clean dressing and apply pressure 3-If bleeding continues, apply a tourniquet or a hemostatic dressing

When is the best time for sutures (stitches) to be placed?

6-8 hours

What is the re-attachment success rate for amputations?

80-90%

How do you clean a wound with a high risk of infection?

clean the wound, then seek medical care

What is an abrasion? What is the pain level? What is the seriousness?

A scrape; the top layer of skin is removed with little or no blood loss. It can be painful because nerve endings are abraded. It can be serious if it is too big or has too much debris

What is tetanus? How many deaths does it cause each year? How does tetanus occur?

Also called lockjaw, tetanus causes over 70 thousand deaths each year. It is not communicable from person to person, rather, the tetanus bacterium creates a toxin that travels through the nervous system to the brain and spinal cord, and it causes muscle contractions

What is an incision?

paper cut; smooth edge cut

What is a laceration?

shredded cut; cut skin with jagged, irregular edges

What is a puncture? What is the risk of infection for a puncture?

stab wound; usually deep, narrow wounds in the skin and underlying organs. High risk of infection.

What is an amputation?

the cutting or tearing off of a body part

Blister Care

Hot Spot: Relieve pressure on the area Closed, painful blister: Clean blister and needle with alcohol, make several small holes at base, and squeeze out liquid Open, painful blister: Cut off dead skin, put blister pad on the skin

What are two DO NOT's of cleaning open wounds?

1) Do not clean large, extremely dirty, or life-threatening wounds 2) Do not scrub a wound, it can bruise the tissue

List some wounds that require medical care (a lot)

-Long or deep cuts that need stitches -Cuts over a joint -Cuts from an animal or human bite -Cuts that may impair function of a body area, such as an eyelid or a lip -Cuts that remove all the layers of the skin -Cuts caused by metal objects or puncture wounds -Cuts over a possible broken bone -Cuts that are deep, jagged, or gaping open -Cuts that involve damage to underlying nerves, tendons, or joints -Cuts in which foreign materials, such as dirt, glass, metal, or chemicals, are embedded -Cuts that show signs of infection -Cuts that include issues with movement or sensation, or increased pain

What is the difference between dirty and contaminated?

Dirty has debris, contaminated has bacteria

True or false: A complete amputation will always bleed a lot

False: blood vessels tend to go into spasms, recede into the injured body parts, and shrink in diameter. More blood loss is experienced in a partial amputation.

What do you do if you have not had a tetanus vaccination within 10 years and you are injured?

Seek medical attention within 72 hours to update their tetanus inoculation status

True or false: You should not close a gaping or dirty wound with tape or butterfly bandages:

True! Bacteria may remain, leading to a greater chance of infection. These wounds should be managed by a medical professional.

How do you clean a shallow wound?

Wash inside wound with soap and water Flush the wound with water

What is an avulsion?

hangnail... kinda; a piece of skin and possibly underlying tissue ton loose and hanging from the body or completely removed