Ent chapter 5
A gap or difference between expectations and reality defines a. process needs. c. demographic changes. b. incongruities. d. changes in perception.
B
A potential entrepreneur needs to realize that a. there are no principles of innovation. b. principles of innovation can be learned. c. monetary gain is the principal motivator in all innovation. d. profitability is the ultimate key to success.
B
In the incubation process, ways of getting away from a problem include a. working harder c. going to parties. b. working on something else. d. visiting the library.
B
Which of the following are causes of industry and market changes? a. process needs c. unexpected occurrences b. advancements in technology d. natural disasters
B
Which of the following terms would not be associated with the right hemisphere of the brain? a. Synthesizing c. spatial b. Linear d. intuitive
B
All of the following are characteristics of a creative climate except a. a large variety of personality types. b. an enjoyment in experimenting with new ideas. c. restricted communication with outsiders. d. a willingness to accept change.
C
Which of the following is not a type of innovation? a. Invention c. adaptation b. Duplication d. synthesis
C
Which of the following is not considered a principle of innovation? a. Be action oriented. c. Invest in securities. b. Start small. d. Reward heroic activity.
C
Which of the following statements is true? a. The right brain is more important in the creative process than the left brain. b. The left brain is more important in the creative process than the right brain. c. Both sides of the brain are important to the creative process. d. Motivation, not the brain is the key to the creative process.
C
Which of the following terms would be associated with the left hemisphere of the brain? a. Nonrational c. abstract b. Nonverbal d. imagining
C
A person can develop their own creativity by a. quitting a boring job. b. focusing on making money. c. taking up a new hobby. d. seeing new and different relationships in people, objects, and places around them.
D
The idea experience phase of the creative process is often the least interesting part of the process
F
The innovation process involves only the development of a good idea.
F
The principles of innovation are largely focused on profit maximization.
F
Truly creative people are always geniuses.
F
Which of the following is a characteristic of creative people? a. bright but not necessarily brilliant c. rigid and dogmatic b. poor image of themselves d. unmotivated by challenging problems
A
Entrepreneur sense potential in business problems by asking a. who is to blame and how to relocate them? b. what about profits? c. what if and why not? d. farfetched, unimaginative questions
C
Which of the following can help speed up the idea process? a. working harder c. taking breaks while working b. seeing new movies d. intuition
C
The easiest step in the creative endeavor is the implementation and evaluation phase.
F
Most innovations result from a conscious, purposeful search for new opportunities.
T
The combination of existing concepts and factors into a new formulation would define which of the following terms? a. Synthesis c. invention b. Extension d. analysis
A
The four phases in the creative process in order are a. background or knowledge accumulation, incubation, idea experience, and evaluation and implementation. b. idea experience, background or knowledge accumulation, incubation, and evaluation and implementation. c. incubation, background or knowledge accumulation, idea experience, and evaluation and implementation. d. evaluation and implementation, idea experience, incubation, and background or knowledge accumulation.
A
The idea experience phase of creativity is also referred to as a. the eureka factor c. the wow theory b. the big bang theory d. the light bulb going on
A
Which of the following are sources of innovation? a. unexpected occurrences and incongruities c. synthesis and technology b. duplication and processes d. industry changes and extension
A
Which of the following can help carry out the evaluation and implementation stage? a. increasing energy level b. hide your ideas from knowledgeable people c. avoid advice from others d. ignore hunches and feelings
A
Which of the following is considered a myth of innovation? a. Creativity relies on blue sky ideas. b. Small projects develop into successful innovations. c. Innovations are unpredictable. d. Creativity can be learned.
A
Most innovations result from a. the total genius of inventors. b. a conscious and purposeful search for new opportunities. c. lucky guesses. d. the subconscious adaptation to reality.
B
Ray Kroc's development of McDonald's would be a good illustration of which form of innovation? a. Invention c. duplication b. Extension d. synthesis
B
Retirement centers for older people reflect which source of innovation? a. industry changes c. perception changes b. demographic changes d. unexpected occurrences
B
Which of the following statements is true with regards to creativity? a. people's approach will remain the same, but their process will change. b. people's process will remain the same, but their approach will change. c. people's approach and process will both remain the same. d. people's approach and process will both change.
B
Creativity is most likely to occur when the "climate" is right. What is a characteristic of that climate? a. willingness to avoid change b. employees with similar work habits c. trustful management that does not exert strict control over employees d. strict management rules
C
People practice the creative search for background knowledge in which of the following ways: a. join professional groups and organizations c. a and b b. attend seminars or professional meetings d. socializing at parties
C
Some ways to develop a creative mind include a. reading a variety of textbooks on entrepreneurship. b. creative minds are born not made. c. observing other entrepreneurs. d. getting away from it all.
C
The phase of the creative process when the idea or solution the individual is seeking is discovered is the a. background or knowledge accumulation. c. idea experience. b. incubation process. d. evaluation and implementation.
C
Security hunting means a. using probability and stereotypes to minimize risk b. finding a permanent source of venture capital c. sticking firmly to decisions d. installing a security system
D
Which of the following questions concerning innovation is not relevant? a. "What is the problem?" c. "What costs are involved?" b. "Whom does it affect?" d. "When the product goes to market?"
D
Which one is not one of the phases in the creative process? a. background or knowledge accumulation c. the incubation process b. evaluation and implementation d. preliminary investigation
D
Only new patterns of thinking will lead to new ideas and innovation.
T
Peter Drucker has stated that successful innovators must look, ask, and listen.
T
Structured and focused chaos is necessary for creativity to occur.
T
Synthesis is the combining of two existing concepts into a new formulation
T
The 4 basic types of innovation are invention, extension, duplication, and synthesis
T
The left hemisphere of the brain produces logical and analytical skills
T
Creativity cannot be developed or improved.
F
The four phases of the creative process are knowledge accumulation, incubation, idea experience, and evaluation.
T
The innovation process allows creative people to subconsciously mull over the information they have gathered.
T
Which of the following mental habits inhibit creativity and innovation? a. either/or thinking, stereotyping c. security hunting, risks b. functional perspective, mindsets d. stereotyping, incubation
A
Which of the following statements is not true? a. Creative ideas never come out of the blue. b. Ideas often emerge during activities unrelated to the enterprise. c. ANSs usually come to an individual incrementally. d. Creative individuals allow their subconscious to mull over information.
A
The incubation process involves which of the following? a. working harder c. talking with friends b. letting the subconscious work d. changing jobs
B
Which of the following is not an example of recognizing relationships in creativity? a. adding fruit juice to soft drinks to make Slice b. Introducing Sierra Mist to the market to compete with Sprite c. combining combustion engine technology with the wheel to create the automobile d. using a 330 pound defensive football player as a running back and wide receiver
B
Which of the following statements is true? a. A good innovator should be a genius. b. Innovators rarely work in more than one field. c. Innovators are poor workers. d. A good innovator uses only the left side of the brain.
B
Which of the following statements is true? a. People are born with creativity and can do nothing to change their level of creativity. b. People can learn to be creative. c. Creativity has nothing to do with learning. d. The creative mind cannot be developed.
B
Which of the following statements is true? a. The right brain helps people analyze and verbalize. b. The right brain helps people understand analogies and imagine things. c. The left brain helps people understand analogies and imagine things. d. Right and left brain concepts are meaningless.
B
Creative people always exhibit a strong need for group approval.
F
Extension is the combination of existing concepts and factors into a new formulation.
F
In innovation through duplication, a product is simply copied.
F
It is really genius and not hard work that creates success for the entrepreneur.
F
Most successful innovations are complex and focused.
F
Successful creations do not require investigation and information gathering.
F
The creative climate rejects the ambiguity common in work and life.
F
Logical, analytical skills are developed by the a. left hemisphere of the brain. c. central hemisphere of the brain. b. right hemisphere of the brain. d. anterior hemisphere of the brain.
A
Most successful innovations are a. simple and focused. c. focused and extensive. b. complex and focused. d. complex and extensive.
A
Overnight package delivery can be an illustration for which source of innovation? a. Incongruities c. process needs b. unexpected occurrences d. change in perception
A
Process needs a. exist when and entrepreneur can meet a new source of demand. b. exist to satisfy government regulations. c. exist when a venture capitalist provides money only for a project filling its needs. d. exist when the economy suffers a downturn.
A
Relying on abstractions can a. limit one's perception of reality. c. help in making correct choices. b. do nothing detrimental. d. add a mathematical element to the idea.
A
Successful entrepreneurs are able to identify a. those ideas that are workable and that they have skills to implement. b. those ideas that will make money. c. those ideas that are not feasible. d. those ideas that will win instant approval from customers.
A
The four types of innovation include which of the following? a. invention, extension, synthesis, duplication c. synthesis, extension, retention, analysis b. extension, retention, analysis, duplication d. analysis, synthesis, duplication, retention
A
Creativity is the generation of ideas that result in the improved efficiency or effectiveness of a system.
T
Entrepreneurs are always looking for unique opportunities to fill needs or wants
T
Incongruities are gaps or differences between expectations and reality.
T
Incubation in the creative process often occurs when the individual is doing something completely unrelated to the subject.
T
Innovation is the process by which entrepreneurs convert opportunities into marketable ideas.
T
Innovation should follow a milestone schedule.
T
Innovative activity should be rewarded.
T
Innovators must always search for new ideas, opportunities, or sources of innovation.
T
Security hunting is a. looking for a safe place to sleep. b. trying to make the right decision or take the correct action. c. taking no action that involves risk. d. adding a firewall to your computer system.
B
Shifts in consumer tastes and attitudes are an example of a. a marketing opportunity. c. the fickle consumer. b. industry and market changes. d. problems for the entrepreneur.
B
The two most important aspects of creativity are a. design and solution. c. process and people. b. intelligence and technical competence. d. capital and opportunity.
C
Background or knowledge accumulation is the second phase of the creative process
F
Innovation is planned and predictable
F
Many inventions and innovations are a result of the inventors seeing new and different relationships among objects, processes, materials, technologies, and people.
T
Which of the following statements is true? a. Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship. b. Innovation is the process by which entrepreneurs consume marketable ideas. c. Innovation does not involve change. d. Innovation is the government's responsibility.
A
Which of the following statements is true? a. Successful innovations are clear and focused. b. Successful innovations are directed toward unclear applications. c. Most successful innovations are detailed and ambiguous. d. Successful innovations are profit motivated.
A
Which of the following are keys to understanding opportunity and its development for entrepreneurs? a. creativity and capital c. background and knowledge b. innovation and creativity d. incubation and experience
B
