Chapter One: Introduction to the Human Body

located above the diaphragm and surrounded by the rib cage; divided into two compartments by the mediastinum (which contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and large blood vessels attached to the heart. The lungs are located on either side of the mediastinum in the pleural cavities.

Thoracic Cavity

An aggregation of similar cells that join to perform a specific function.

Tissue

divides the body horizontally creating an upper (superior) and lower (inferior body.

Transverse

Naval

Umbilical

Towards the front surface

Ventral

Located toward the front of the body and has two divisions, the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

Ventral Cavity

Organs

Viscera

nearer to the head.

Cranial

located within the skull and contains the brain

Cranial Cavity

elbow

Cubital

Closer to the core, away from the surface

Deep (profundus)

rounded area of the shoulder

Deltoid

the body standing erect, with the face forward, arms at the side and the toes and palms of the hands facing forward.

Describe Anatomical Position

fingers, toes

Digital

further from the point of attachment

Distal

Towards the back surface

Dorsal

located toward the back of the body and has two divisions, the cranial cavity and the spinal or vertebral cavity.

Dorsal Cavity

Superior/Inferior, Medial/Lateral/(Median), Anterior/Posterior, Proximal/Distal, Superficial/Deep (profundus), and Central/Peripheral

List 6 directional pairs

Sagittal Plane, Frontal Plane, and Transverse Plane

List the 3 planes of the body.

right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar region, umbilical region, right and left iliac region, hypogastric region.

List the 9 regions of the body

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

List the levels of organization of an organism from simple to complex.

area of the back between the ribs and hips

Lumbar

Towards the midline of the body

Medial

At the midline of the body

Median

A cut dividing the body equally along the midline

MidSagittal

back of the head

Occipital

Mouth

Oral

Around the eye

Orbital

Groups of organs are known as...

Organ Systems

One or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function.

Organs

Front of the knee

Patellar

The branch of science that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body parts—that is, how a body functions when a person has a disease.

Pathophysiology

Foot

Pedal

part is located away from the center

Peripheral

The branch of science that studies function

Physiology

back of the knee area

Popliteal

Towards the back surface

Posterior

closer to the point of attachment

Proximal

Genital area

Pubic

divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions.

Sagittal Plane

shoulder blade area

Scapular

extends downward from the cranial cavity and is surrounded by bony vertebrae, contains the spinal cord.

Spinal (vertebral) Cavity

Middle of the chest over the breastbone

Sternal

Closer to the surface, away from the core

Superficial

above, towards the head

Superior

The four quadrant method.

The method of identification or labeling which divides the body into four separate areas is called

Away from the midline of the body

Lateral

anterior trunk below the ribs

Abdominal

Located below the diaphragm, upper part is abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidneys, the lower part is the pelvic cavity containing the remainder of the intestines, the rectum, urinary bladder and internal parts of the reproductive system.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The branch of science that studies structure

Anatomy

Towards the front surface

Anterior

armpit

Axillary

arm

Brachial

cheek area

Buccal

Nearer the lower region of the spinal column (near your tailbone)

Caudal

The basic unit of life

Cells

part is located in the center

Central

Head

Cephalic

Neck region

Cervical

Thigh

Femoral

Fleshy area along each side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones

Flank

divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) sections.

Frontal Plane (aka coronal)

Buttocks

Gluteal

the ability of the body to maintain a stable, constant internal environment.

Homeostasis

below, towards the feet

Inferior

Area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body

Inguinal

List the 11 systems of the body.

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive.