Chapter's 1, 2,3
Galileo's impact to astronomy
-1st to use a telescope to study the sky -Discoveries supported the heliocentric model -Observed never before seen phenomena
Suppose that instead of being inclined with respect to Earth's orbit around the Sun, the Moon's orbit was in the same plane as Earth's orbit around the Sun. In such hypothetical situation, approximately how many solar eclipses would occur each year?
12
Orders of magnitude tell us how many zeros follow a number. How many orders of magnitude larger is the diameter of the Observable Universe compared to the diameter of the Earth?
19
Astronomy is a science that uses many different units to measure distance, for example kilometers(km), astronomical units (AU), light years (LY), and so on. In order to compare these distances we must be able to convert between them. For practice, how many AU are there in one light year?
6.33E+04
Kelper's 2nd Law
A line connecting a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.
Kelper's 1st Law
A planet orbits the Sun in an ellipse
Complete the sentence. We cannot see a new moon in our sky because _______.
A) a new moon is quite near the Sun in the sky
What is the ecliptic?
A) the path the Sun appears to trace around the celestial sphere each year
How does a 12-month lunar calendar differ from our 12-month solar calendar?
B) It has about 11 fewer days.
Which of the following statements about an ellipse is NOT true?
B) The focus of an ellipse is always located precisely at the center of the ellipse.
You have three tries for this question. A total solar eclipse can occur: (Give ALL correct answers, i.e., B, AC, BCD...)
B) at any time of year. D) anywhere on Earth. F) only at new moon.
The following are possible ways to express the quantity 0.476 (Give ALL correct answers, i.e., B, AC, BCD...)
C) 0.00476E2 D) 4.76E-1 E) 0.0476E+1 F) 0.000476E3
Newton
C) Described the meaning of force by three laws.
Which of the following statements describe a characteristic of the solar system that is explained by Kepler's first law? Select ALL that apply.
C) Earth is slightly closer to the Sun on one side of its orbit than on the other side. F) The Sun is located slightly off-center from the middle of each planet's orbit.
Which of the following discoveries helped to show that the heliocentric model was correct.
C) Galileo observed a full set of phases for Venus. E) Discovery that the Earth is round. F) Kepler's discovery that the planets orbits are ellipses.
Galileo observed all of the following. Which observation offered direct proof of a planet orbiting the Sun?
C) Phases of Venus.
How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets?
C) The planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the Earth.
Scientific thinking is _______
C) based on everyday ideas of observation and trial-and-error experiments, which follow logical rules
Suppose a comet orbits the Sun on a highly eccentric orbit with an average (semi-major axis) distance of 1 AU. How long does it take to complete each orbit, and how do we know?
D) 1 year, which we know from Kepler's third law.
What conditions must exist for a lunar eclipse to occur?
D) The phase of the Moon must be full and the Moon must be passing through Earth's orbital plane.
Scientific models are used to _______.
D) make specific predictions that can be tested through observations or experiments.
Ptolemy
Devised the best Earth-centered (geocentric) model of the solar system using epicycles.
Aristotle
Devised the earliest geocentric solar system models.
Hipparchus
Discovered Earth's precession & Brightness Scale
Eratosthenes
Discovered diameter of the Earth
Aristarchus
Discovered relative sizes of the Earth, Moon, and Sun
Pythagoras
Discovered the Earth is round
Which of the following celestial objects do NOT rise in the east and set in the west, as viewed from the Earth? Assume that all of these objects are visible from your location on Earth, and that none of them are circumpolar. Select all that apply.
E) All of these objects rise in the east and set in the west
Ptolemy was important in the history of astronomy because he _______.
E) developed a model of the solar system that made sufficiently accurate predictions of planetary positions to remain in use for many centuries.
The names of the seven days of the week are based on _______.
E) the seven naked-eye objects that appear to move among the constellations.
Galileo
Found the Sun had flaws (sun spots) and that the Sun rotates.
Tycho Brahe
Made careful measurements of the location of the planets good to 1 arcmin.
Which of the following is a general difference between a planet and a star?
Stars glow in infrared and visible light, while planets glow only in the infrared.
Kelper's 3rd Law
The planets sidereal period is linked to the major-axis' length as: p^2=a^3
Kepler
The three law that describe planetary motion.
Earth is located at one [blank] of the Moon's orbit
focus
The mathematical form of Kepler's third law measures the period in years, and the [blank] in AU.
semi-major axis
Our solar system consist of ...
the Sun and all the objects that orbit it