Chapters 10-12 Assessment Review Quizlet

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to supply-side economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession? A. A budget that cuts individual and corporate income tax and decreases government regulation of the economy B. A budget that raises taxes on the top earners so that the government can redistribute the funds to the bottom 25% of earners C. A budget with significant increases in federal spending on entitlement programs like Medicaid D. A budget that increases funds for physics and science research for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

A. A budget that cuts individual and corporate income tax and decreases government regulation of the economy

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of rule of law and limited government? A. Expelling undocumented US residents from the country B. Collecting metadata from phone calls under the Patriot Act C. Raising the minimum wage to $15 D. Increasing funding to the National Endowment for the Arts

A. Expelling undocumented US residents from the country

"I believe great decisions are made with care, made with conviction, not made with polls. I do not need to take your pulse before I know my own mind. I do not reinvent myself at every turn. I am not running in borrowed clothes. When I act, you will know my reasons." -- George W. Bush, Acceptance Speech, Republican National Convention, August 3rd, 2000 Which of the following best summarizes Governor Bush's argument? A. He does not use polls to decide his stance on policy B. He uses polls to inform the media of his policy stances C. He uses polls to defend his policies against Congressional opposition D. He does not use polls as they are often unreliable

A. He does not use polls to decide his stance on policy

Chart depicting party identification based on generation. Pew identifies millennials as individuals born between 1981 and 1996, Gen Xers as individuals born between 1965 and 1980, boomers as individuals born between 1946 to 1964, and silents as individuals born between 1928 and 1945. Source: Pew Research Center Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart? A. Party identification differs significantly between generations B. Gen Xers identify/lean more Democratic than the average survey respondent who expressed a preference for one of the two parties. C. Older generations tend to be more liberal than younger generations D. Millennials are more likely to identify as Republicans than as Democrats

A. Party identification differs significantly between generations

The cartoon best illustrates which of the following terms? [Insert cartoon of a father speaking to his son, he says "Basically, Son, the Democrats are donkeys, the Republicans are elephants, and the rest of us are roadkill."] A. Political socialization B. Political indoctrination C. Political ideology D. Political culture

A. Political socialization

Which of the following types of spending make it difficult for the federal government to control the budget? A. Social Security and Medicare B. Payments under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act C. Defense D. Need-based assistance programs

A. Social Security and Medicare

Which of the following strengthens transparency and the rule of law? A. The Freedom of Information Act allows citizens to request information kept by the government. B. Judges may impose different sentences for criminal defendants, depending on the circumstances. C. Under the system of federalism, states have independent powers that the federal government may not take away. D. The government may use prior restraint to prevent the publication of news stories that are critical of its actions.

A. The Freedom of Information Act allows citizens to request information kept by the government.

Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint about American political culture expressed in the quote? "In addition to the rights of the students to learn, and the teachers to teach, there is the right of society to insist the educational system it supports will further the goals and moral principles and precepts of that society. There is no question that publicly supported colleges and universities contributed to the emerging greatness of not only California but also of our nation, and that is good; but we have a right to insure that they do not, in some far-out interpretation of "freedom", weaken the social structure essential to the nation's strength and to the perpetuation of these very educational institutions." -- Ronald Reagan, speech given at Chico State College, 1967 A. The educational system should support core American values. B. The right to a college education is an important American value. C. The public should provide more financial support to colleges and universities. D. Colleges and universities should make more effort to hire conservative professors.

A. The educational system should support core American values.

Average public trust in government, 1958-2017, based on the percentage of Americans who said they trust the federal government to do the right thing "always" or "most of the time." Source: Pew Research Center the data displayed in the graph above best supports which of the following statements? [I'm not even going to try to figure out how to get the data from the graph here] A. The war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal, which occurred during the late 1960s and 1970s, eroded public trust in government that has never been fully rebuilt B. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 had an immediate negative effect on the level of trust Americans felt for government C. Ronald Reagan, who won landslide victories in the elections of 1980 and 1984, enjoyed growing public support for government throughout his presidency D. Barack Obama's historic victory in the election of 2008 led Americans to feel higher levels of trust in government than they did during George W. Bush's administration.

A. The war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal, which occurred during the late 1960s and 1970s, eroded public trust in government that has never been fully rebuilt

Percent who identify with a political ideology __________________________________________________________________ | | 18-29 | 30-44 | 45-64 | 65+ | ------------------|------- |--------|------- |------ | | Liberal | 31% | 23% | 21% | 16% | ------------------|--------|--------|-------|-------| | Moderate | 39% | 41% | 40% | 39% | ------------------|--------|--------|-------|-------| | Conservative | 29% | 36% | 39% | 45% | ------------------|--------|--------|-------|-------| Based on the data in the table and your knowledge of political socialization, which of the following is the most likely implication of lifecycle effects on an individual's political attitudes? A. As people age, they show no major shifts in ideology B. As people age, they are more likely to identify as conservative C. As people age, they are more likely to identify as moderate D. As people age, they are more likely to identify as liberal

B. As people age, they are more likely to identify as conservative

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of conservative and liberal views concerning social policy? A. Liberal: The federal government should provide healthcare programs for those who are unable to afford one Conservative: The federal government should be responsible for providing welfare programs for low-income people B. Liberal: The federal government should legalize and regulate the use of marijuana Conservative: The federal government should maintain its position on prohibiting the use of marijuana C. Liberal: The federal government should prevent race and gender from being taken into account for hiring decisions Conservative: The federal government should encourage affirmative action programs D. Liberal: The federal government should allow voluntary prayer in school for all students Conservative: The federal government should not require a business to serve a same-sex couple if it goes against their religious beliefs

B. Liberal: The federal government should legalize and regulate the use of marijuana Conservative: The federal government should maintain its position on prohibiting the use of marijuana

Which of the following statements best describes a negative impact of polling reflected in the quote? "In modern politics, polls often serve as the canary in the mine --an early warning signal of danger or trends. But polls can also be used to wag the dog-- diverting attention from something significant." A. Polling causes voters to focus too much on who is winning, rather than on the issues. B. Polling about one issue can cause the government to ignore other, more important issues. C. Politicians who rely too much on the polls are following, rather than leading. D. Polls are often inaccurate and reflect the views of a vocal minority.

B. Polling about only one issue can cause the government to ignore other, more important issues.

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between free enterprise and rule of law? A. Enacting mandatory minimum sentences for non-violent offenses B. Reducing environmental regulations for oil companies C. Banning religious prayer in public schools D. Raising the age to qualify for Social Security benefits to reduce the federal deficit

B. Reducing environmental regulations for oil companies

Which of the following is a consequence of globalization for the U.S. economy? A. Consumer goods are more expensive because most goods are made overseas and transportation costs are high. B. The United States is losing some manufacturing jobs in certain industries to other countries. C. Globalization spreads democratic values, encouraging free and fair elections and civil rights and liberties. D. Stricter environmental regulations worldwide have improved air and water quality in the United States.

B. The United States is losing some manufacturing jobs in certain industries to other countries.

Which of the following is an example of a Keynesian economic policy? A. Increasing the number of tax deductions available to families B. Lowering taxes for corporations C. Government spending programs to build roads and bridges D. Raising interest rates to encourage savings

C. Government spending programs to build roads and bridges

Which of the following statements about the data in the bar chart is true? [I'm not going to even try to get the data from the bar chart] A. Most Catholics are liberal. B. Most Historically Black Protestants are liberal. C. Jews remain one of the most liberal religious groups. D. Muslims are one of the most conservative religious groups.

C. Jews remain one of the most liberal religious groups.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of monetary policy and fiscal policy? A. Monetary: Using taxes and government spending to stabilize the economy Fiscal: Making changes in the money supply or the interest rate to stabilize the economy B. Monetary: Changing the discount rate to address inflationary pressure in the economy Fiscal: Changing how many dollars are produced after the economy fails C. Monetary: Controlled by central banks, like the Federal Reserve System Fiscal: Controlled by Congress and the President D. Monetary: Affected by partisan views on the economy Fiscal: Insulated from partisan views on the economy

C. Monetary: Controlled by central banks, like the Federal Reserve System Fiscal: Controlled by Congress and the President

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between free enterprise and rule of law? A. Raising the age to qualify for Social Security benefits to reduce the federal deficit B. Banning religious prayer in public schools C. Reducing environmental regulations for oil companies D. Enacting mandatory minimum sentences for non-violent offenses

C. Reducing environmental regulations for oil companies

Which of the following is NOT an agent of political socialization? A. Media B. Family C. Sports teams D. Schools

C. Sports teams

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon? [image of elephant addressing an eccentrically dressed cat who is dragging a bag labeled 'TAX BREAK$$' toward a private jet, saying "You're going to use that money to create American jobs, right?"] A. Keynesian economic policies are controversial because the government takes too active a role in regulating the economy B. Supply-side economic policies are successful because tax cuts for top earners allow those earners to create more jobs C. Supply-side economic policies are controversial when they cut taxes for the rich, because they may not use that money to expand the American economy D. Keynesian economic policies are successful because the government can react to the natural ups and downs of the economy

C. Supply-side economic policies are controversial when they cut taxes for the rich, because they may not use that money to expand the American economy

A major textbook distributor, Thomas textbooks, conducts a telephone survey of teachers that use one of their textbooks. They interviewed a total of 2000 teachers (out of 10,000 teachers who used a textbook) and asked them to agree, disagree, or express neutrality toward the following statement: "My students' standardized test scores improved after using a Thomas textbook."The textbook company reported a sampling error of ±25% and published their findings in the following chart. A pollster might claim that this poll is unreliable for which of the following reasons? A. The poll did not use open-ended statements, creating a poll that leads respondents to an opinion B. The poll was conducted over the telephone not in person, getting questionable responses C. The poll reports a large sampling error, indicating that the margin of error is high D. The poll's sample size is too small to be considered a true representative sample

C. The poll reports a large sampling error, indicating that the margin of error is high

"Winston Churchill is said to have remarked that 'Any man who is not a socialist at the age of 21 has no heart, and any man who is still a socialist at the age of 40 has no head.' The first part of the quote can be taken as saying that it is easy to favor economic equality when one is a young adult in the process of getting educated, finding a job, and beginning a career. But the second part implies that the notion of equality of income for all looks far different once one is middle aged and established in an occupation."Martin P. Wattenberg, Is Voting for Young People? 2012 Which of the following statements is most consistent with the author's argument in this passage? A. People's political ideology only changes after major political events B. People's political ideology is affected by generational differences, not lifecycle effects C. People's political ideology remains the same as they age D. People's political ideology changes as they get older

D. People's political ideology changes as they get older

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of typical conservative and liberal views concerning economic policy? Liberal | Conservative __________________________________________________________________________________________________ A. The Federal Reserve System | Congress should have a shared should be solely responsible | responsibility with the Federal for stabilizing the economy | Reserve System for stabilizing | the economy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- B. Cutting taxes helps to | Cutting spending to entitlement stimulate the economy by | programs like social security helps increasing the supply of goods | to stimulate the economy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- C. Increasing spending on | Raising taxes on top earners will public works projects can | give the government more money provide much needed jobs for | to redistribute to the people who the unemployed. | need it most ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- D. The federal government | The federal government should have should have a stronger role in | a less involved role in regulating the regulating the economy | economy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- A. A B. B C. C D. D

D. D

Which of the following poll questions would lead to the most accurate result? A. Do you favor policies that improve access to healthy nutrition for American's poorest children? B. Do you agree that parents who pay taxes should be able to choose the best place for their child's education? C. Do you agree that hydraulic fracturing is an untested and dangerous threat to our quality of life and the environment? D. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?

D. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?

"The effects of a severe recession experienced are large when the individual is between the ages of 18 and 24 - the so-called formative age - during which social psychologists think most of social beliefs are formed; the effects are not so strong when the recession is experienced later in life . . . these effects are permanent because attitudes of recession-stricken individuals remain significantly altered many years after the severe recession ends." Antonio Spilimbergo and Paola Giuliano, "The long-lasting effects of the economic crisis," 2009. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the authors' argument in this passage? A. Economic recessions have little impact on the attitudes of individuals who were not in their formative years when they occurred B. Recessions that strike when individuals are aged 18 to 24 cause them to experience lasting economic problems C. Social beliefs are formed during the ages of 18 and 24 D. Economic recessions have lasting consequences on the attitudes of individuals who experienced them during their formative years

D. Economic recessions have lasting consequences on the attitudes of individuals who experienced them during their formative years

On Election Day, radio news network Guam Live is trying to project the result of the presidential election. They send pollsters to 350 voting places throughout the United States to survey people after they have voted. Which type of poll is the news network conducting? A. Tracking poll B. Benchmark poll C. Entrance poll D. Exit poll

D. Exit poll

Graph depicting the percentage of each generation who say that "immigrants today strengthen our country." Pew identifies millennials as individuals born between 1981 and 1996, Gen Xers as individuals born between 1965 and 1980, boomers as those born between 1946 to 1964, and silents as those born between 1928 and 1945. Source: Pew Research Center Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following statements is true about generational opinions towards immigrants? A. Gen Xers have always had more favorable opinions towards immigrants than boomers B. Across all generations, opinions toward immigrants have become more favorable at a steady rate over time C. The silent generation had the largest increase in favorable opinions toward immigrants over the period shown D. In all generations, opinions towards immigrants have become more favorable over time

D. In all generations, opinions towards immigrants have become more favorable over time

Which of the following policies is most likely to cause tension between the competing values of equality of opportunity and limited government? A. Banning religious prayer in public schools B. Reducing environmental regulations C. Decreasing funding for national defense programs D. Mandating that all public schools have English language programs

D. Mandating that all public schools have English language programs

"We used polling not to determine what positions he would take but to figure out which of the positions he had already taken were the most popular. I would always draw the distinction between deciding on policy and identifying certain issues for emphasis by telling Clinton, 'You print the menu of the things you want. Then I'll advise which dish to have for dinner tonight.'"-Dick Morris, polling consultant for Bill Clinton, Behind the Oval , 1997 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? A. Public opinion poll results can be used to predict who will win an election to a high degree of accuracy B. Public opinion polls results are often inaccurate as pollsters do not limit respondents to those who are informed on policy issues C. Public opinion poll results should be used to decide a politician's stance on an issue D. Public opinion poll results can be used to determine how best to present policies to the public

D. Public opinion poll results can be used to determine how best to present policies to the public

In a public opinion poll, 2 million subscribers to Soccer Lovers Magazine were called and asked to agree, disagree, or express neutrality toward the following statement: FIFA, soccer's international governing organization, should mandate that soccer clubs pay female athletes the same amount as male athletes. The magazine reported a sampling error of ±3% and published their findings in the following chart. A pollster might claim that this poll is unreliable for which of the following reasons? A. The poll did not use open-ended statements, creating a poll that leads respondents to an opinion B. The poll reported a large sampling error, indicating that the margin of error is high C. The poll's sample size was too small to be considered a true representative sample D. The poll was conducted solely among respondents who purchased a magazine and does not rely on a randomized sample

D. The poll was conducted solely among respondents who purchased a magazine and does not rely on a randomized sample